LES 305 EXAM 1 CLARK LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
Ethics - ANSWERS-Manner by which one lives one's life according to a
standard of right or wrong behavior
- In both how one thinks and behaves towards others and how one would
like them to think and behave towards others
Factors That Influence Ethics - ANSWERS-- One's upbringing
- One's religion
- One's social traditions and beliefs
- Society: Structured community of people bound together by similar
traditions and customs
Understanding Right and Wrong - ANSWERS-Moral Standards:
Principles by which judgments are made about good and bad behavior
based on:
1. Religious Beliefs
2. Cultural Beliefs
- Culture: Particular set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that
characterize a group of individuals
3) Philosophical Beliefs
END OF
PAGE
1
, LES 305 EXAM 1 CLARK LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
Source of Beliefs - ANSWERS-Family and friends
Ethnic Background
Religion
School
Media
Personal role models and mentors
Morality: Collection of influences built over a person's life
** Sources add up to morality
How Should One Live? - ANSWERS-- Standards of ethical behavior are
absorbed by osmosis from everyone around
- Ethical behavior can be based on religious morality or experience of
human existence
- Morals and values: Set of personal principles by which one aims to live
one's life
- Value System: Set of personal principles formalized into a code of
behavior
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PAGE
2
, LES 305 EXAM 1 CLARK LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
Intrinsic Value - ANSWERS-Quality by which a value is a good thing in
itself -> Pursued for its own sake, whether anything comes from that
pursuit or not (Ex: happiness, health, self-respect)
Instrumental Value - ANSWERS-Quality by which the pursuit of one's
value is a good way to reach another value (Ex: money is valued for
what it can buy rather than for itself)
Value Conflicts - ANSWERS-- Impact of a value system on individuals
is how much their daily lives are influenced by those values
- Occur when one is presented with a situation that places one's value
system in direct conflict with an action
- Personal Value System: Specific choices and responses to a situation
by an individual
The Golden Rule - ANSWERS-- Do unto others as you would have
them do unto you
- Problem with the rule is the assumption that others would follow the
same principles as one would do
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PAGE
3
, LES 305 EXAM 1 CLARK LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
Ethical Theories - ANSWERS-Virtue Ethics, Utilitarianism, Universal
Ethics
Virtue Ethics - ANSWERS-- Living one's life according to a
commitment to the achievement of a clear ideal
- Criticism: societies can place different emphasis on different virtues
Utilitarianism - ANSWERS-- Ethical choices that offer the greatest good
for the greatest number of people
- Criticism: idea that the ends justify the means
Universal Ethics - ANSWERS-- Actions that are taken out of duty and
obligation to a purely moral idea rather than based on the needs of the
situation (Universal principles are seen to apply to everyone,
everywhere, all the time)
- Criticism: Reverse of the weakness in ethics for the greater good
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PAGE
4
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
Ethics - ANSWERS-Manner by which one lives one's life according to a
standard of right or wrong behavior
- In both how one thinks and behaves towards others and how one would
like them to think and behave towards others
Factors That Influence Ethics - ANSWERS-- One's upbringing
- One's religion
- One's social traditions and beliefs
- Society: Structured community of people bound together by similar
traditions and customs
Understanding Right and Wrong - ANSWERS-Moral Standards:
Principles by which judgments are made about good and bad behavior
based on:
1. Religious Beliefs
2. Cultural Beliefs
- Culture: Particular set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that
characterize a group of individuals
3) Philosophical Beliefs
END OF
PAGE
1
, LES 305 EXAM 1 CLARK LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
Source of Beliefs - ANSWERS-Family and friends
Ethnic Background
Religion
School
Media
Personal role models and mentors
Morality: Collection of influences built over a person's life
** Sources add up to morality
How Should One Live? - ANSWERS-- Standards of ethical behavior are
absorbed by osmosis from everyone around
- Ethical behavior can be based on religious morality or experience of
human existence
- Morals and values: Set of personal principles by which one aims to live
one's life
- Value System: Set of personal principles formalized into a code of
behavior
END OF
PAGE
2
, LES 305 EXAM 1 CLARK LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
Intrinsic Value - ANSWERS-Quality by which a value is a good thing in
itself -> Pursued for its own sake, whether anything comes from that
pursuit or not (Ex: happiness, health, self-respect)
Instrumental Value - ANSWERS-Quality by which the pursuit of one's
value is a good way to reach another value (Ex: money is valued for
what it can buy rather than for itself)
Value Conflicts - ANSWERS-- Impact of a value system on individuals
is how much their daily lives are influenced by those values
- Occur when one is presented with a situation that places one's value
system in direct conflict with an action
- Personal Value System: Specific choices and responses to a situation
by an individual
The Golden Rule - ANSWERS-- Do unto others as you would have
them do unto you
- Problem with the rule is the assumption that others would follow the
same principles as one would do
END OF
PAGE
3
, LES 305 EXAM 1 CLARK LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
Ethical Theories - ANSWERS-Virtue Ethics, Utilitarianism, Universal
Ethics
Virtue Ethics - ANSWERS-- Living one's life according to a
commitment to the achievement of a clear ideal
- Criticism: societies can place different emphasis on different virtues
Utilitarianism - ANSWERS-- Ethical choices that offer the greatest good
for the greatest number of people
- Criticism: idea that the ends justify the means
Universal Ethics - ANSWERS-- Actions that are taken out of duty and
obligation to a purely moral idea rather than based on the needs of the
situation (Universal principles are seen to apply to everyone,
everywhere, all the time)
- Criticism: Reverse of the weakness in ethics for the greater good
END OF
PAGE
4
