BUAD 309 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026/2027
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔values - ✔✔basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of
existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of
conduct or end-state of existence
✔✔value system - ✔✔a hierarchy based on a ranking of an individual's values in terms
of their intensity
✔✔terminal values - ✔✔desirable end-states of existence; the goals a person would like
to achieve during his or her lifetime
✔✔instrumental values - ✔✔preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one's
terminal values
✔✔personality-job fit theory - ✔✔a theory that identifies six personality types and
proposes that the fit between personality type and occupational environment determines
satisfaction and turnover.
✔✔power distance - ✔✔a national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a
society accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally
✔✔individualism - ✔✔a national culture attribute that describes the degree to which
people prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of groups
✔✔collectivism - ✔✔a national culture attribute that describes a tight social framework
in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part of to look after them
and protect them
✔✔masculinity - ✔✔a national culture attribute that describe the extent to which the
culture favors traditional masculine work roles of achievement, power, and control.
Societal values are characterized by assertiveness and materialism
✔✔femininity - ✔✔a national culture attribute that indicates little differentiation between
males and females roles; a high rating indicates that women are treated as equals of
men all aspects of the society
✔✔uncertainty avoidance - ✔✔a national culture attribute that describes the extent to
which a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and tries to
avoid them
✔✔long-term orientation - ✔✔a national culture attribute that emphasizes the future,
thrift, and persistence
, ✔✔short-term orientation - ✔✔a national culture attribute that emphasizes the past and
present, respect for tradition, and fulfillment of social obligations
✔✔perception - ✔✔a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory
impressions in order to give meaning to their environment
✔✔attribution theory - ✔✔an attempt to determine whether an individual's behavior is
internally or externally caused
✔✔fundamental attribution error - ✔✔the tendency to underestimate the influence of
external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making
judgments about the behavior of others
✔✔self-serving bias - ✔✔the tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to
internal factors and put the blame for failures on external factors
✔✔selective perception - ✔✔the tendency to selectively interpret what one sees on the
basis of one's interests, background, experience, and attitudes
✔✔halo effect - ✔✔the tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on
the basis of a single characteristic
✔✔contrast effect - ✔✔evaluation of a person's characteristics that is affected by
comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the
same characteristics
✔✔stereotyping - ✔✔judging someone on the basis of one's perception of the group to
which that person belongs
✔✔self-fulfilling prophecy - ✔✔a situation in which a person inaccurately perceives a
second person, and the resulting expectations cause the second person to behave in
ways consistent with the original perception
✔✔decisions - ✔✔choices made from among two or more alternatives
✔✔problem - ✔✔a discrepancy between the current state of affairs and some desired
state
✔✔rational - ✔✔characterized by making consistent, value-maximizing choices within
specified constraints
✔✔rational decision-making model - ✔✔a decision-making model that describes how
individuals should behave in order to maximize some outcome
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔values - ✔✔basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of
existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of
conduct or end-state of existence
✔✔value system - ✔✔a hierarchy based on a ranking of an individual's values in terms
of their intensity
✔✔terminal values - ✔✔desirable end-states of existence; the goals a person would like
to achieve during his or her lifetime
✔✔instrumental values - ✔✔preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one's
terminal values
✔✔personality-job fit theory - ✔✔a theory that identifies six personality types and
proposes that the fit between personality type and occupational environment determines
satisfaction and turnover.
✔✔power distance - ✔✔a national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a
society accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally
✔✔individualism - ✔✔a national culture attribute that describes the degree to which
people prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of groups
✔✔collectivism - ✔✔a national culture attribute that describes a tight social framework
in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part of to look after them
and protect them
✔✔masculinity - ✔✔a national culture attribute that describe the extent to which the
culture favors traditional masculine work roles of achievement, power, and control.
Societal values are characterized by assertiveness and materialism
✔✔femininity - ✔✔a national culture attribute that indicates little differentiation between
males and females roles; a high rating indicates that women are treated as equals of
men all aspects of the society
✔✔uncertainty avoidance - ✔✔a national culture attribute that describes the extent to
which a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and tries to
avoid them
✔✔long-term orientation - ✔✔a national culture attribute that emphasizes the future,
thrift, and persistence
, ✔✔short-term orientation - ✔✔a national culture attribute that emphasizes the past and
present, respect for tradition, and fulfillment of social obligations
✔✔perception - ✔✔a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory
impressions in order to give meaning to their environment
✔✔attribution theory - ✔✔an attempt to determine whether an individual's behavior is
internally or externally caused
✔✔fundamental attribution error - ✔✔the tendency to underestimate the influence of
external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making
judgments about the behavior of others
✔✔self-serving bias - ✔✔the tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to
internal factors and put the blame for failures on external factors
✔✔selective perception - ✔✔the tendency to selectively interpret what one sees on the
basis of one's interests, background, experience, and attitudes
✔✔halo effect - ✔✔the tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on
the basis of a single characteristic
✔✔contrast effect - ✔✔evaluation of a person's characteristics that is affected by
comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the
same characteristics
✔✔stereotyping - ✔✔judging someone on the basis of one's perception of the group to
which that person belongs
✔✔self-fulfilling prophecy - ✔✔a situation in which a person inaccurately perceives a
second person, and the resulting expectations cause the second person to behave in
ways consistent with the original perception
✔✔decisions - ✔✔choices made from among two or more alternatives
✔✔problem - ✔✔a discrepancy between the current state of affairs and some desired
state
✔✔rational - ✔✔characterized by making consistent, value-maximizing choices within
specified constraints
✔✔rational decision-making model - ✔✔a decision-making model that describes how
individuals should behave in order to maximize some outcome
