BIO 235 MIDTERM 1 WITH
ACCURATE ANSWERS GRADED
A+ (2026)
metabolism - answer-sum of al chemical processes
catabolism - answer-that break down molecules, releasing energy.
anabolism - answer-the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones.
3 things that effect growth in the body size - answer-1. increase in the size of existing
cells
2.increase in the number of cells
3.increase in the size of material between the cells
differentiation - answer-unspecialized cells becomes specialized
reproduction is the formation of new cells for? (2) - answer-1. tissue growth, repair or
replacement
2. production of a new individual
fluid within the cells - answer-intracellular fluid
fluid outside the cells - answer-extracellular fluid
ECF that fills narrow space between cells of tissues - answer-interstitial fluid
what is the monitored variable called in a feedback loop - answer-controlled condition
,what is the stimulus - answer-any disruption that changes a controlled condition
what's the receptor - answer-body structure monitoring the changes of a controlled
condition and sends inputs
what is an afferent pathway-input - answer-flows towards the control center (nerve
impulse or chemical signal)
what is the control center - answer-sets the range of values within which a controlled
condition should be maintained; evaluates the input it receives from receptors and
generates output commands when they are needed
efferent pathway - answer-flow away from control center to effector
effector - answer-body structure receiving output and brings about change and
produces a response that alters the controlled condition
negative feedback system - answer-reverses a change in a controlled condition
positive feedback loop - answer-strengthens or reinforces a change in the controlled
condition until its interrupted-effector produces a response that reinforces the initial
change-child birth
disorder - answer-abnormality of a structure or function
disease - answer-illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms
symptom - answer-subjective changes not visible to the observer
,sign - answer-objective changes visible to the observer (doctor)
prone - answer-body is lying face down
supine - answer-body is lying face up
ipsilateral - answer-same side
contralateral - answer-different sides
superficial - answer-towards the surface of the skin
deep - answer-away from surface of the skin
sagittal plane - answer-divides the body into left and right
Midsagittal (median) plane - answer-divides into equal left and right sides
parasagittal plane - answer-unequal sides left and right
fronta (coronal plane) - answer-divides front and back (anterior/posterior)
transverse plane - answer-superior and inferior top and bottom (horizontal plane cross-
sectional)
oblique plane - answer-anything but 90 degrees
cranial cavity - answer-contains head
, Vertebral (spine) cavity - answer-contains spinal cord and vertebral column-continuous
of the cranial cavity
Meninges - answer-layers of protective tissue surround the brain and spinal cord
thoracic cavity - answer-chest, ribs, sternum muscles of the chest and a thoracic
portion of the vertebral column
pericardial cavity - answer-surrounds the heart
pleura cavity - answer-surrounds lungs
visceral layer of cavity - answer-inner layer
parietal layer of cavity - answer-outer layer
mediastinum cavity - answer-between the lugs extending from the sternum to the
vertebral column and first rib down to the diaphragm-heart, thymus, esophagus,
trachea, and BV's but not the lungs
diaphragm - answer-dome muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the
abdominopelvic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity - answer-from the diaphragm to the groin
abdominal cavity-stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and large intestine
pelvic cavity-urinary bladder, parts of the large intestine, and internal organs of the
reproductive system
viscera - answer-organs inside thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
ACCURATE ANSWERS GRADED
A+ (2026)
metabolism - answer-sum of al chemical processes
catabolism - answer-that break down molecules, releasing energy.
anabolism - answer-the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones.
3 things that effect growth in the body size - answer-1. increase in the size of existing
cells
2.increase in the number of cells
3.increase in the size of material between the cells
differentiation - answer-unspecialized cells becomes specialized
reproduction is the formation of new cells for? (2) - answer-1. tissue growth, repair or
replacement
2. production of a new individual
fluid within the cells - answer-intracellular fluid
fluid outside the cells - answer-extracellular fluid
ECF that fills narrow space between cells of tissues - answer-interstitial fluid
what is the monitored variable called in a feedback loop - answer-controlled condition
,what is the stimulus - answer-any disruption that changes a controlled condition
what's the receptor - answer-body structure monitoring the changes of a controlled
condition and sends inputs
what is an afferent pathway-input - answer-flows towards the control center (nerve
impulse or chemical signal)
what is the control center - answer-sets the range of values within which a controlled
condition should be maintained; evaluates the input it receives from receptors and
generates output commands when they are needed
efferent pathway - answer-flow away from control center to effector
effector - answer-body structure receiving output and brings about change and
produces a response that alters the controlled condition
negative feedback system - answer-reverses a change in a controlled condition
positive feedback loop - answer-strengthens or reinforces a change in the controlled
condition until its interrupted-effector produces a response that reinforces the initial
change-child birth
disorder - answer-abnormality of a structure or function
disease - answer-illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms
symptom - answer-subjective changes not visible to the observer
,sign - answer-objective changes visible to the observer (doctor)
prone - answer-body is lying face down
supine - answer-body is lying face up
ipsilateral - answer-same side
contralateral - answer-different sides
superficial - answer-towards the surface of the skin
deep - answer-away from surface of the skin
sagittal plane - answer-divides the body into left and right
Midsagittal (median) plane - answer-divides into equal left and right sides
parasagittal plane - answer-unequal sides left and right
fronta (coronal plane) - answer-divides front and back (anterior/posterior)
transverse plane - answer-superior and inferior top and bottom (horizontal plane cross-
sectional)
oblique plane - answer-anything but 90 degrees
cranial cavity - answer-contains head
, Vertebral (spine) cavity - answer-contains spinal cord and vertebral column-continuous
of the cranial cavity
Meninges - answer-layers of protective tissue surround the brain and spinal cord
thoracic cavity - answer-chest, ribs, sternum muscles of the chest and a thoracic
portion of the vertebral column
pericardial cavity - answer-surrounds the heart
pleura cavity - answer-surrounds lungs
visceral layer of cavity - answer-inner layer
parietal layer of cavity - answer-outer layer
mediastinum cavity - answer-between the lugs extending from the sternum to the
vertebral column and first rib down to the diaphragm-heart, thymus, esophagus,
trachea, and BV's but not the lungs
diaphragm - answer-dome muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the
abdominopelvic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity - answer-from the diaphragm to the groin
abdominal cavity-stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and large intestine
pelvic cavity-urinary bladder, parts of the large intestine, and internal organs of the
reproductive system
viscera - answer-organs inside thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
