BIOLOGY 101 PRACTICE EXAMINATION
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GUARANTEED TO PASS.
⚫ explain the second phase of mitosis. Answer: in the process of
metaphase, chromosomes gets aligned together in the middle of the
cell. The spindle fibres on each end of the cell attaches to each of the
centromeres (in the middle of the chromosomes.)
⚫ explain the third place of mitosis. Answer: in the process of
anaphase, the spindle fibres pulls the chromatid on each end of the
cell. once chromatid separate, they become a chromosome.
⚫ explain the fourth phase of mitosis. Answer: in the process of
telophase, two new daughter nuclei are formed and spindle fibres start
to disappear
⚫ How many chromosomes are in the cells the human body.
Answer: 23 pairs (46 chromosomes)
⚫ DNA is known in the form of. Answer: chromosomes
⚫ what is DNA composed of. Answer: pentose sugar
phosphate group
nitrogenous bases (AGTC)
,⚫ sequence of base pairings makes up the genetic info. Answer: the
bases make words of three letters long known as CODONS
⚫ what are codons. Answer: they are made up of nitrogenous bases
in the form of three letter words
⚫ what are mutations. Answer: they are changes in the cell's DNA
they can be beneficial and help cells develop resistance to foreign
invaders
⚫ what happens when mutated cells divide. Answer: they will
reproduce two mutated daughter cells based on the DNA of the parent
cell
⚫ types of mutation. Answer: base substitution
base insertion
base deletion
⚫ the effects of mutations. Answer: neutral (rv sunlight rays)
deleterious
lethal
beneficial
, ⚫ three main properties of cancer cells. Answer: uncontrolled
growth - hyperplasia; cells will multiply vastly, growing larger than
average cells
invasion - takes up space of neighboured cells and eventually take
their nutrients
metastasis - when cancer cells break off from one part of your body,
enter your bloodstream to a new part of your body
⚫ mutations can be accelerated by many factors name two. Answer:
environment (sunlight)
carcinogens (chemicals, smoking)
⚫ what are tumours. Answer: they are abnormal cell growth
benign tumours are non cancerous
malignant tumours are cancerous
⚫ why would multicellular organisms have specialized cells.
Answer: because multicellular organisms will have to perform many
different functions. specialized cells can only perform one primary
function that its meant to perform, it would be difficult for those cells
to multitask
⚫ what are the four types of tissues. Answer: epithelial
connective
muscular
nervous
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GUARANTEED TO PASS.
⚫ explain the second phase of mitosis. Answer: in the process of
metaphase, chromosomes gets aligned together in the middle of the
cell. The spindle fibres on each end of the cell attaches to each of the
centromeres (in the middle of the chromosomes.)
⚫ explain the third place of mitosis. Answer: in the process of
anaphase, the spindle fibres pulls the chromatid on each end of the
cell. once chromatid separate, they become a chromosome.
⚫ explain the fourth phase of mitosis. Answer: in the process of
telophase, two new daughter nuclei are formed and spindle fibres start
to disappear
⚫ How many chromosomes are in the cells the human body.
Answer: 23 pairs (46 chromosomes)
⚫ DNA is known in the form of. Answer: chromosomes
⚫ what is DNA composed of. Answer: pentose sugar
phosphate group
nitrogenous bases (AGTC)
,⚫ sequence of base pairings makes up the genetic info. Answer: the
bases make words of three letters long known as CODONS
⚫ what are codons. Answer: they are made up of nitrogenous bases
in the form of three letter words
⚫ what are mutations. Answer: they are changes in the cell's DNA
they can be beneficial and help cells develop resistance to foreign
invaders
⚫ what happens when mutated cells divide. Answer: they will
reproduce two mutated daughter cells based on the DNA of the parent
cell
⚫ types of mutation. Answer: base substitution
base insertion
base deletion
⚫ the effects of mutations. Answer: neutral (rv sunlight rays)
deleterious
lethal
beneficial
, ⚫ three main properties of cancer cells. Answer: uncontrolled
growth - hyperplasia; cells will multiply vastly, growing larger than
average cells
invasion - takes up space of neighboured cells and eventually take
their nutrients
metastasis - when cancer cells break off from one part of your body,
enter your bloodstream to a new part of your body
⚫ mutations can be accelerated by many factors name two. Answer:
environment (sunlight)
carcinogens (chemicals, smoking)
⚫ what are tumours. Answer: they are abnormal cell growth
benign tumours are non cancerous
malignant tumours are cancerous
⚫ why would multicellular organisms have specialized cells.
Answer: because multicellular organisms will have to perform many
different functions. specialized cells can only perform one primary
function that its meant to perform, it would be difficult for those cells
to multitask
⚫ what are the four types of tissues. Answer: epithelial
connective
muscular
nervous
