BIOD 331 PREPARATION TEST 2026
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
● What are the components of innate immunity? Answer: It includes
physical, chemical, cellular, and molecular defenses.
● How does skin serve as a physical barrier? Answer: The skin protects
the body by having tightly packed cells, constantly shedding old cells,
being covered in keratin, and containing antimicrobial proteins and
lysozymes.
● What cells are involved in innate immunity? Answer: Cells involved
include neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells,
and intraepithelial lymphocytes.
● What are the functions of neutrophils? Answer: Neutrophils are the
most common leukocytes, arrive early to infections, and kill microbes by
phagocytosis.
● What role do eosinophils play in the immune system? Answer:
Eosinophils help with parasitic infections and allergic reactions.
, ● What do basophils release? Answer: Basophils release histamine and
enzymes.
● What are monocytes and their functions? Answer: Monocytes are the
largest cells that leave bone marrow to become macrophages or dendritic
cells, aiding in inflammation and phagocytosis.
● What is adaptive immunity? Answer: Adaptive immunity is the
second line of defense that includes humoral and cellular immunity,
responding to specific antigens.
● What are antigens? Answer: Antigens are substances on pathogens or
foreign materials that trigger an adaptive immune response.
● What are the primary cells of adaptive immunity? Answer:
Lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells, and effector cells.
● What do B cells do? Answer: B cells produce antibodies as part of
humoral immunity.
● What do T cells provide? Answer: T cells provide cell-mediated
immunity.
● What is humoral immunity? Answer: Humoral immunity works by B
cells producing antibodies.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
● What are the components of innate immunity? Answer: It includes
physical, chemical, cellular, and molecular defenses.
● How does skin serve as a physical barrier? Answer: The skin protects
the body by having tightly packed cells, constantly shedding old cells,
being covered in keratin, and containing antimicrobial proteins and
lysozymes.
● What cells are involved in innate immunity? Answer: Cells involved
include neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells,
and intraepithelial lymphocytes.
● What are the functions of neutrophils? Answer: Neutrophils are the
most common leukocytes, arrive early to infections, and kill microbes by
phagocytosis.
● What role do eosinophils play in the immune system? Answer:
Eosinophils help with parasitic infections and allergic reactions.
, ● What do basophils release? Answer: Basophils release histamine and
enzymes.
● What are monocytes and their functions? Answer: Monocytes are the
largest cells that leave bone marrow to become macrophages or dendritic
cells, aiding in inflammation and phagocytosis.
● What is adaptive immunity? Answer: Adaptive immunity is the
second line of defense that includes humoral and cellular immunity,
responding to specific antigens.
● What are antigens? Answer: Antigens are substances on pathogens or
foreign materials that trigger an adaptive immune response.
● What are the primary cells of adaptive immunity? Answer:
Lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells, and effector cells.
● What do B cells do? Answer: B cells produce antibodies as part of
humoral immunity.
● What do T cells provide? Answer: T cells provide cell-mediated
immunity.
● What is humoral immunity? Answer: Humoral immunity works by B
cells producing antibodies.
