BIOD 151 MODULE 1 STUDY GUIDE 2026
COMPREHENSIVE ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED
◉ Elevation. Answer: Upward movement of a structure
◉ Depression. Answer: Downward movement of a structure
◉ Retraction. Answer: Movement of a structure to be drawn in the
posterior direction; drawn backward
◉ Protraction. Answer: Movement of a structure to be drawn in the
anterior direction; drawn forward
◉ Anatomical postition. Answer: Reference point; hands are in
supination so ulna and radius are uncrossed; directional terms refer
to the body in this position
◉ Axial division. Answer: Axis of the body; includes head, neck, and
trunk
◉ Appendicular body parts. Answer: Appendages/limbs, pelvic and
pectoral (shoulder) girdles (point of attachment)
, ◉ Sagittal plane. Answer: A plane that divides the body into right
and left sections. If it's at the midline, it's called median plane or
midsagittal plane
◉ Frontal plane. Answer: Vertical plain that divides body into
anterior and posterior sections; also called coronal plane
◉ Transverse plane. Answer: Horizontal plane that divides body into
superior and inferior parts; sections are called cross sections
◉ Oblique sections. Answer: Cuts made diagonally between
horizontal and vertical planes
◉ Dorsal cavity. Answer: Protects nervous system organs; includes
cranial and spinal cavities which are continuous with no separation
◉ Cranial cavity. Answer: Sits in skull and houses the brain
◉ Spinal cavity. Answer: Runs within the bony vertebral column and
encases the spinal cord; also called the vertebral cavity
◉ Ventral cavity. Answer: Anterior and larger than the dorsal cavity;
houses the visceral organs and includes the thoracic and
abdominopelvic cavities which are divided by the diaphragm
COMPREHENSIVE ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED
◉ Elevation. Answer: Upward movement of a structure
◉ Depression. Answer: Downward movement of a structure
◉ Retraction. Answer: Movement of a structure to be drawn in the
posterior direction; drawn backward
◉ Protraction. Answer: Movement of a structure to be drawn in the
anterior direction; drawn forward
◉ Anatomical postition. Answer: Reference point; hands are in
supination so ulna and radius are uncrossed; directional terms refer
to the body in this position
◉ Axial division. Answer: Axis of the body; includes head, neck, and
trunk
◉ Appendicular body parts. Answer: Appendages/limbs, pelvic and
pectoral (shoulder) girdles (point of attachment)
, ◉ Sagittal plane. Answer: A plane that divides the body into right
and left sections. If it's at the midline, it's called median plane or
midsagittal plane
◉ Frontal plane. Answer: Vertical plain that divides body into
anterior and posterior sections; also called coronal plane
◉ Transverse plane. Answer: Horizontal plane that divides body into
superior and inferior parts; sections are called cross sections
◉ Oblique sections. Answer: Cuts made diagonally between
horizontal and vertical planes
◉ Dorsal cavity. Answer: Protects nervous system organs; includes
cranial and spinal cavities which are continuous with no separation
◉ Cranial cavity. Answer: Sits in skull and houses the brain
◉ Spinal cavity. Answer: Runs within the bony vertebral column and
encases the spinal cord; also called the vertebral cavity
◉ Ventral cavity. Answer: Anterior and larger than the dorsal cavity;
houses the visceral organs and includes the thoracic and
abdominopelvic cavities which are divided by the diaphragm
