ANATOMY, FUNCTION, AND
DISORDERS NEWEST 2025 & 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
What is the primary function of the respiratory system? - answerDesigned for gas
exchange, taking in O2 and releasing CO2.
What system transports gases in the blood? - answerThe cardiovascular system.
What happens if the respiratory or cardiovascular system fails? - answerRapid cell
death from O2 starvation.
What are the two divisions of the respiratory system? - answerConducting division and
respiratory division.
What does the conducting division consist of? - answerPassages that serve only for
airflow, from nostrils to bronchioles.
What does the respiratory division consist of? - answerAlveoli and distal gas-exchange
regions.
What structures are included in the upper respiratory tract? - answerOrgans in the head
and neck, from the nose through the larynx.
What structures are included in the lower respiratory tract? - answerOrgans of the
thorax, from the trachea through the lungs.
What are the functions of the nose? - answerWarms, cleanses, humidifies inhaled air,
detects odors, and amplifies voice.
What is rhinoplasty? - answerA surgical procedure commonly called a 'nose job' for
cosmetic reasons or repair.
What is the nasal cavity? - answerExtends from nostrils to choanae, with the roof
formed by ethmoid and sphenoid bones.
What divides the nasal cavity into right and left chambers? - answerThe nasal septum.
What are the three folds of tissue in the nasal cavity called? - answerSuperior, middle,
and inferior nasal conchae.
, What is the function of the meatuses in the nasal cavity? - answerNarrow air passages
that ensure air contacts mucous membranes.
What type of epithelium lines the olfactory mucosa? - answerPseudostratified
epithelium.
What is the role of cilia in the respiratory epithelium? - answerTo drive debris-laden
mucus into the pharynx to be swallowed.
What is erectile tissue in the inferior concha? - answerA venous plexus that engorges
with blood to shift airflow and prevent drying.
What are the three regions of the pharynx? - answerNasopharynx, oropharynx, and
laryngopharynx.
What is the function of the epiglottis? - answerTo guard the glottis and direct food and
drink to the esophagus.
What are the two types of folds in the larynx? - answerVestibular folds (close glottis
during swallowing) and vocal cords (produce sound).
How is pitch controlled in speech? - answerBy the tension on vocal folds; tighter folds
produce higher pitch.
What is the length of the trachea? - answer4.5 inches long and 2.5 inches wide.
What supports the trachea? - answer16 to 20 C-shaped cartilaginous rings.
What is the function of the trachealis muscle? - answerIt spans the opening in the
tracheal rings and adjusts airflow by expanding or contracting.
What type of epithelium lines the larynx and trachea? - answerCiliated pseudostratified
epithelium, which functions as a mucociliary escalator.
What is a tracheostomy? - answerAn incision in the trachea below the cricoid cartilage
to reestablish airflow if the larynx is obstructed.
What is intubation? - answerThe process of passing a tube from the mouth or nose
through the larynx and trachea.
What are the primary bronchi? - answerC-shaped rings that arise from the trachea and
enter the hilum of the lungs.
How many tertiary (segmental) bronchi are there in the right lung? - answer10 tertiary
bronchi.
DISORDERS NEWEST 2025 & 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
What is the primary function of the respiratory system? - answerDesigned for gas
exchange, taking in O2 and releasing CO2.
What system transports gases in the blood? - answerThe cardiovascular system.
What happens if the respiratory or cardiovascular system fails? - answerRapid cell
death from O2 starvation.
What are the two divisions of the respiratory system? - answerConducting division and
respiratory division.
What does the conducting division consist of? - answerPassages that serve only for
airflow, from nostrils to bronchioles.
What does the respiratory division consist of? - answerAlveoli and distal gas-exchange
regions.
What structures are included in the upper respiratory tract? - answerOrgans in the head
and neck, from the nose through the larynx.
What structures are included in the lower respiratory tract? - answerOrgans of the
thorax, from the trachea through the lungs.
What are the functions of the nose? - answerWarms, cleanses, humidifies inhaled air,
detects odors, and amplifies voice.
What is rhinoplasty? - answerA surgical procedure commonly called a 'nose job' for
cosmetic reasons or repair.
What is the nasal cavity? - answerExtends from nostrils to choanae, with the roof
formed by ethmoid and sphenoid bones.
What divides the nasal cavity into right and left chambers? - answerThe nasal septum.
What are the three folds of tissue in the nasal cavity called? - answerSuperior, middle,
and inferior nasal conchae.
, What is the function of the meatuses in the nasal cavity? - answerNarrow air passages
that ensure air contacts mucous membranes.
What type of epithelium lines the olfactory mucosa? - answerPseudostratified
epithelium.
What is the role of cilia in the respiratory epithelium? - answerTo drive debris-laden
mucus into the pharynx to be swallowed.
What is erectile tissue in the inferior concha? - answerA venous plexus that engorges
with blood to shift airflow and prevent drying.
What are the three regions of the pharynx? - answerNasopharynx, oropharynx, and
laryngopharynx.
What is the function of the epiglottis? - answerTo guard the glottis and direct food and
drink to the esophagus.
What are the two types of folds in the larynx? - answerVestibular folds (close glottis
during swallowing) and vocal cords (produce sound).
How is pitch controlled in speech? - answerBy the tension on vocal folds; tighter folds
produce higher pitch.
What is the length of the trachea? - answer4.5 inches long and 2.5 inches wide.
What supports the trachea? - answer16 to 20 C-shaped cartilaginous rings.
What is the function of the trachealis muscle? - answerIt spans the opening in the
tracheal rings and adjusts airflow by expanding or contracting.
What type of epithelium lines the larynx and trachea? - answerCiliated pseudostratified
epithelium, which functions as a mucociliary escalator.
What is a tracheostomy? - answerAn incision in the trachea below the cricoid cartilage
to reestablish airflow if the larynx is obstructed.
What is intubation? - answerThe process of passing a tube from the mouth or nose
through the larynx and trachea.
What are the primary bronchi? - answerC-shaped rings that arise from the trachea and
enter the hilum of the lungs.
How many tertiary (segmental) bronchi are there in the right lung? - answer10 tertiary
bronchi.
