FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM |
QUESTIONS AND ANSWER WITH
DETAILED RATIONALES |
COMPLETE REVIEW & EXAM PREP |
2026–2027 EDITION
Fundamentals of Nursing
Question 1
A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular
medication that is known to irritate surrounding tissue. Which
technique best helps prevent medication leakage into the
subcutaneous tissue?
A. Inject at a 45-degree angle
B. Massage the site immediately after administration
C. Use the Z-track injection technique
D. Apply ice before administering the medication
Correct Answer: C. Use the Z-track injection technique
,Rationale:
The Z-track method displaces the skin and subcutaneous
tissue before injection. When the tissue is released, it seals the
medication within the muscle, reducing leakage and
minimizing tissue irritation. A 45-degree angle is
inappropriate for most IM injections, and massaging the site
can increase irritation. Ice application does not prevent
medication tracking.
Question 2
Which instrument is primarily used during auscultation?
A. Reflex hammer
B. Audiometer
C. Stethoscope
D. Sphygmomanometer
Correct Answer: C. Stethoscope
Rationale:
A stethoscope is used to assess internal body sounds,
,including heart, lung, and bowel sounds. A reflex hammer
tests deep tendon reflexes, an audiometer evaluates hearing,
and a sphygmomanometer measures blood pressure.
Question 3
Which position provides the best access for performing a
rectal examination?
A. Fowler's
B. Sims'
C. Supine
D. Trendelenburg
Correct Answer: B. Sims'
Rationale:
The Sims' position promotes relaxation of the anal sphincter
and provides excellent visualization and access to the rectal
area. The remaining positions are less suitable for this
assessment.
, Question 4
What is the primary purpose of performing proper hand
hygiene before and after patient care?
A. Improve blood circulation in the hands
B. Prevent transmission of microorganisms
C. Keep the hands moisturized
D. Improve patient comfort
Correct Answer: B. Prevent transmission of
microorganisms
Rationale:
Hand hygiene is the single most effective intervention for
reducing healthcare-associated infections by interrupting the
spread of microorganisms between patients, healthcare
workers, and the environment.
Question 5
Which abbreviation correctly represents a microdrip
intravenous tubing?
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM |
QUESTIONS AND ANSWER WITH
DETAILED RATIONALES |
COMPLETE REVIEW & EXAM PREP |
2026–2027 EDITION
Fundamentals of Nursing
Question 1
A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular
medication that is known to irritate surrounding tissue. Which
technique best helps prevent medication leakage into the
subcutaneous tissue?
A. Inject at a 45-degree angle
B. Massage the site immediately after administration
C. Use the Z-track injection technique
D. Apply ice before administering the medication
Correct Answer: C. Use the Z-track injection technique
,Rationale:
The Z-track method displaces the skin and subcutaneous
tissue before injection. When the tissue is released, it seals the
medication within the muscle, reducing leakage and
minimizing tissue irritation. A 45-degree angle is
inappropriate for most IM injections, and massaging the site
can increase irritation. Ice application does not prevent
medication tracking.
Question 2
Which instrument is primarily used during auscultation?
A. Reflex hammer
B. Audiometer
C. Stethoscope
D. Sphygmomanometer
Correct Answer: C. Stethoscope
Rationale:
A stethoscope is used to assess internal body sounds,
,including heart, lung, and bowel sounds. A reflex hammer
tests deep tendon reflexes, an audiometer evaluates hearing,
and a sphygmomanometer measures blood pressure.
Question 3
Which position provides the best access for performing a
rectal examination?
A. Fowler's
B. Sims'
C. Supine
D. Trendelenburg
Correct Answer: B. Sims'
Rationale:
The Sims' position promotes relaxation of the anal sphincter
and provides excellent visualization and access to the rectal
area. The remaining positions are less suitable for this
assessment.
, Question 4
What is the primary purpose of performing proper hand
hygiene before and after patient care?
A. Improve blood circulation in the hands
B. Prevent transmission of microorganisms
C. Keep the hands moisturized
D. Improve patient comfort
Correct Answer: B. Prevent transmission of
microorganisms
Rationale:
Hand hygiene is the single most effective intervention for
reducing healthcare-associated infections by interrupting the
spread of microorganisms between patients, healthcare
workers, and the environment.
Question 5
Which abbreviation correctly represents a microdrip
intravenous tubing?
