WGU C180 INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY EXAM |
LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027 | 200 QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS | COMPLETE Q&A GUIDE | A+
GRADED
Pschodynamic approach
Therapists help the person in reviewing their thoughts, emotions and experiences;
this assists the person in engaging in a process of reflection and in developing
insights as to their patterns of behavior.
Humanisitc Approach
attempt to promote growth and responsibility by helping clients consider their
own situations and the world around them and how they can work to achieve
their life goals.
Cognitive Approach
An approach to psychology emphasizing the mental processes involved in
knowing: how we direct our attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve
problems.
behavioral approach
An approach to psychology emphasizing the scientific study of observable
behavioral responses and their environmental determinants.
What was the goal of Carl Roger's person-centered therapy?
Carl Rogers developed person-centered therapy (or client-centered therapy), an
approach to treatment in which the client is helped to grow and develop as the
therapist provides a comfortable, nonjudgmental environment.
How is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) used to treat and reduce physiological
disorders?
,Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) is a structured approach to treatment that
attempts to reduce psychological disorders through systematic procedures based
on cognitive and behavioral principles. The goal is simply to stop the negative
cycle by intervening to change cognition or behavior. The procedures are problem-
solving and action-oriented, and the client is forced to take responsibility for his or
her own treatment. The client is assigned tasks to complete that will help improve
the disorder and takes an active part in the therapy.
What are some techniques used in CBT?
The procedures are problem-solving and action-oriented such as having the
student write down their feelings.
What is the process of various treatment methods?
Cover all of the treatment methods
Which neurotransmitter is targeted by antidepressants such as Zoloft and Prozac?
Antidepressants work by influencing the production and reuptake of
neurotransmitters that relate to emotion, including serotonin, norepinephrine,
and dopamine. The antidepressants most prescribed today are the selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), including Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft, which are
designed to selectively block the reuptake of serotonin at the synapse, thereby
leaving more serotonin available in the CNS
What is hypnosis?
a procedure that places people in a trance-like mental state during which they
become extremely suggestible
how effective is hypnosis?
The use of hypnosis in clinical practice has been shown to have some effectiveness
in the relief and control of pain. Hypnosis has not been shown to improve recall of
forgotten events; nor can it cause people to act against their will.
What is implicit memory in consciousness?
,Present-day psychologists distinguish between automatic (unconscious, or
autonomic) and controlled (conscious) behaviors and between implicit
(unconscious) and explicit (conscious) memory.
What happens during REM sleep?
(dreaming), which is characterized as having an increased autonomic nervous
system activity and increased motor paralysis, and slow-wave sleep (deep sleep)
what happens during NREM sleep?
brain waves slow down; slow-wave sleep each night in order to feel rested
Stage N1 sleep
Theta waves; light sleep; hypnic jerk; hypnagogic images
Stage N2 sleep
deeper sleep, sleep spindles/K complexes (EEG)
Stage N3 (deep sleep)
delta waves present on the EEG; this stage lasts roughly 50 minutes
REM sleep stage
-Fast, Random waves
Stage usually begins about 90 minutes after sleep has begun.
Duration increases with each sleep cycle and averages 20 minutes.
Vivid, full-color dreaming occurs; less vivid dreaming occurs in other stages.
Stage is typified by rapidly moving eyes, fluctuating heart and respiratory rates,
increased or fluctuating blood pressure, loss of skeletal muscle tone, and increase
of gastric secretions.
It is very difficult to arouse sleeper.
What is the difference between drug tolerance and dependence?
tolerance, or an increase in the dose required to produce the same effect.
dependence, a need to use a drug or other substance regularly.
, What are some consequences of altering consciousness and attention?
psychoactive drug is a chemical that changes our states of consciousness, and
particularly our perceptions and moods. The four primary classes of psychoactive
drugs are stimulants, depressants, opioids, and hallucinogens. Psychoactive drugs
affect consciousness by influencing how neurotransmitters operate at the
synapses of the central nervous system (CNS). Some psychoactive drugs are
agonists, which mimic the operation of a neurotransmitter; some are antagonists,
which block the action of a neurotransmitter; and some work by blocking the
reuptake of neurotransmitters at the synapse.
What do psychologists study?
• Biological Foundations
• Mental Life
• Change
• Self and Others
• Potential and Dysfunction
What is the scientific method and how is it applied to psychological research?
The scientific method is the set of assumptions, rules, and procedures scientists
use to conduct research. In addition to requiring that science is verifiable, the
scientific method demands that procedures are free of personal bias.
What is the definition of a hypothesis?
A specific and falsifiable prediction about the relationship between two or more
variables.
What is an operational definition? Provide an example.
An operational definition refers to a precise statement of how a conceptual
variable ( abstract idea that form the basis of research hypotheses ) which is
turned into a measured variable ( varialbes consisting of numbers that represent
the conceptual variables )
LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027 | 200 QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS | COMPLETE Q&A GUIDE | A+
GRADED
Pschodynamic approach
Therapists help the person in reviewing their thoughts, emotions and experiences;
this assists the person in engaging in a process of reflection and in developing
insights as to their patterns of behavior.
Humanisitc Approach
attempt to promote growth and responsibility by helping clients consider their
own situations and the world around them and how they can work to achieve
their life goals.
Cognitive Approach
An approach to psychology emphasizing the mental processes involved in
knowing: how we direct our attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve
problems.
behavioral approach
An approach to psychology emphasizing the scientific study of observable
behavioral responses and their environmental determinants.
What was the goal of Carl Roger's person-centered therapy?
Carl Rogers developed person-centered therapy (or client-centered therapy), an
approach to treatment in which the client is helped to grow and develop as the
therapist provides a comfortable, nonjudgmental environment.
How is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) used to treat and reduce physiological
disorders?
,Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) is a structured approach to treatment that
attempts to reduce psychological disorders through systematic procedures based
on cognitive and behavioral principles. The goal is simply to stop the negative
cycle by intervening to change cognition or behavior. The procedures are problem-
solving and action-oriented, and the client is forced to take responsibility for his or
her own treatment. The client is assigned tasks to complete that will help improve
the disorder and takes an active part in the therapy.
What are some techniques used in CBT?
The procedures are problem-solving and action-oriented such as having the
student write down their feelings.
What is the process of various treatment methods?
Cover all of the treatment methods
Which neurotransmitter is targeted by antidepressants such as Zoloft and Prozac?
Antidepressants work by influencing the production and reuptake of
neurotransmitters that relate to emotion, including serotonin, norepinephrine,
and dopamine. The antidepressants most prescribed today are the selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), including Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft, which are
designed to selectively block the reuptake of serotonin at the synapse, thereby
leaving more serotonin available in the CNS
What is hypnosis?
a procedure that places people in a trance-like mental state during which they
become extremely suggestible
how effective is hypnosis?
The use of hypnosis in clinical practice has been shown to have some effectiveness
in the relief and control of pain. Hypnosis has not been shown to improve recall of
forgotten events; nor can it cause people to act against their will.
What is implicit memory in consciousness?
,Present-day psychologists distinguish between automatic (unconscious, or
autonomic) and controlled (conscious) behaviors and between implicit
(unconscious) and explicit (conscious) memory.
What happens during REM sleep?
(dreaming), which is characterized as having an increased autonomic nervous
system activity and increased motor paralysis, and slow-wave sleep (deep sleep)
what happens during NREM sleep?
brain waves slow down; slow-wave sleep each night in order to feel rested
Stage N1 sleep
Theta waves; light sleep; hypnic jerk; hypnagogic images
Stage N2 sleep
deeper sleep, sleep spindles/K complexes (EEG)
Stage N3 (deep sleep)
delta waves present on the EEG; this stage lasts roughly 50 minutes
REM sleep stage
-Fast, Random waves
Stage usually begins about 90 minutes after sleep has begun.
Duration increases with each sleep cycle and averages 20 minutes.
Vivid, full-color dreaming occurs; less vivid dreaming occurs in other stages.
Stage is typified by rapidly moving eyes, fluctuating heart and respiratory rates,
increased or fluctuating blood pressure, loss of skeletal muscle tone, and increase
of gastric secretions.
It is very difficult to arouse sleeper.
What is the difference between drug tolerance and dependence?
tolerance, or an increase in the dose required to produce the same effect.
dependence, a need to use a drug or other substance regularly.
, What are some consequences of altering consciousness and attention?
psychoactive drug is a chemical that changes our states of consciousness, and
particularly our perceptions and moods. The four primary classes of psychoactive
drugs are stimulants, depressants, opioids, and hallucinogens. Psychoactive drugs
affect consciousness by influencing how neurotransmitters operate at the
synapses of the central nervous system (CNS). Some psychoactive drugs are
agonists, which mimic the operation of a neurotransmitter; some are antagonists,
which block the action of a neurotransmitter; and some work by blocking the
reuptake of neurotransmitters at the synapse.
What do psychologists study?
• Biological Foundations
• Mental Life
• Change
• Self and Others
• Potential and Dysfunction
What is the scientific method and how is it applied to psychological research?
The scientific method is the set of assumptions, rules, and procedures scientists
use to conduct research. In addition to requiring that science is verifiable, the
scientific method demands that procedures are free of personal bias.
What is the definition of a hypothesis?
A specific and falsifiable prediction about the relationship between two or more
variables.
What is an operational definition? Provide an example.
An operational definition refers to a precise statement of how a conceptual
variable ( abstract idea that form the basis of research hypotheses ) which is
turned into a measured variable ( varialbes consisting of numbers that represent
the conceptual variables )
