BIOD 152 Final Exam Study Guide 2026 | Complete Review |
Graded A+
1. What physiological response occurs to regulate blood flow to the kidneys
during an emergency?
Blood flow to the kidneys remains unchanged during an emergency.
Hormones increase blood flow to the kidneys during stress.
The sympathetic nervous system constricts blood vessels to reduce
blood flow to the kidneys.
The parasympathetic nervous system dilates blood vessels to increase
blood flow to the kidneys.
2. Describe the role of interferons in the immune response against infections.
Interferons primarily function to increase blood flow to infected areas.
Interferons play a crucial role in the immune response by inhibiting
viral replication and enhancing the immune system's ability to fight
off infections.
Interferons directly kill bacteria and fungi in the body.
Interferons are responsible for producing antibodies against parasites.
3. Describe the role of interneurons in the flexor withdrawal reflex.
Interneurons facilitate communication between sensory and motor
neurons, allowing for coordinated muscle responses.
Interneurons are not involved in reflex actions.
Interneurons are responsible for muscle contraction.
Interneurons only inhibit motor neuron activity.
,4. What types of receptors are found in the tongue?
Only chemoreceptors
Nociceptors, thermoreceptors, and chemoreceptors
Only nociceptors and thermoreceptors
Photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors
5. Which of the following signs of inflammation is directly due to local
vasodilation?
Redness
Pain
swelling
loss of circulation
6. In a scenario where a person is experiencing severe blood loss due to an
injury, how would the body likely respond to maintain homeostasis regarding
kidney function?
The body would increase blood flow to the kidneys to enhance
filtration.
The kidneys would automatically increase their filtration rate
regardless of blood flow.
The body would divert all blood flow to the kidneys to maintain
function.
The body would activate the sympathetic nervous system to
constrict renal blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the kidneys.
7. Describe the significance of the splenic artery in the circulatory system.
, The splenic artery is crucial as it provides oxygenated blood to the
spleen, which plays a key role in filtering blood and immune
response.
The splenic artery is responsible for transporting hormones to the
spleen.
The splenic artery carries deoxygenated blood away from the spleen.
The splenic artery connects the spleen to the liver for nutrient
exchange.
8. What segment of the EKG pattern represents electrical activity associated
with depolarization of the ventricles?
p wave
V wave
T wave
QRS complex
9. An individual sustained a very deep cut to his posterior forearm that
damaged the radial nerve. What action would he not be able to do?
extend the wrist
flex the shoulder
extend the shoulder
flex the wrist
10. After depolarization, how is the membrane potential quickly restored in
most neurons?
Na+ efflux
K+ influx
, K+ efflux
Na+ influx
Na/K ATPase pumping ions to their resting concentrations
11. Women are more likely to acquire a urinary tract infection (UTI) than men
because of the anatomical differences in which structure?
urethra
bladder
kidney
ureter
12. What is the primary role of the mitral valve in the heart?
To facilitate oxygen exchange in the lungs.
To regulate blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle.
To prevent backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left
atrium.
To control blood pressure in the arteries.
13. Describe the role of the tongue in the formation of a bolus during digestion.
The tongue helps to manipulate food in the mouth and shape it into
a bolus for swallowing.
The tongue transports nutrients to the stomach.
The tongue secretes enzymes to break down food.
The tongue absorbs water from food.
Graded A+
1. What physiological response occurs to regulate blood flow to the kidneys
during an emergency?
Blood flow to the kidneys remains unchanged during an emergency.
Hormones increase blood flow to the kidneys during stress.
The sympathetic nervous system constricts blood vessels to reduce
blood flow to the kidneys.
The parasympathetic nervous system dilates blood vessels to increase
blood flow to the kidneys.
2. Describe the role of interferons in the immune response against infections.
Interferons primarily function to increase blood flow to infected areas.
Interferons play a crucial role in the immune response by inhibiting
viral replication and enhancing the immune system's ability to fight
off infections.
Interferons directly kill bacteria and fungi in the body.
Interferons are responsible for producing antibodies against parasites.
3. Describe the role of interneurons in the flexor withdrawal reflex.
Interneurons facilitate communication between sensory and motor
neurons, allowing for coordinated muscle responses.
Interneurons are not involved in reflex actions.
Interneurons are responsible for muscle contraction.
Interneurons only inhibit motor neuron activity.
,4. What types of receptors are found in the tongue?
Only chemoreceptors
Nociceptors, thermoreceptors, and chemoreceptors
Only nociceptors and thermoreceptors
Photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors
5. Which of the following signs of inflammation is directly due to local
vasodilation?
Redness
Pain
swelling
loss of circulation
6. In a scenario where a person is experiencing severe blood loss due to an
injury, how would the body likely respond to maintain homeostasis regarding
kidney function?
The body would increase blood flow to the kidneys to enhance
filtration.
The kidneys would automatically increase their filtration rate
regardless of blood flow.
The body would divert all blood flow to the kidneys to maintain
function.
The body would activate the sympathetic nervous system to
constrict renal blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the kidneys.
7. Describe the significance of the splenic artery in the circulatory system.
, The splenic artery is crucial as it provides oxygenated blood to the
spleen, which plays a key role in filtering blood and immune
response.
The splenic artery is responsible for transporting hormones to the
spleen.
The splenic artery carries deoxygenated blood away from the spleen.
The splenic artery connects the spleen to the liver for nutrient
exchange.
8. What segment of the EKG pattern represents electrical activity associated
with depolarization of the ventricles?
p wave
V wave
T wave
QRS complex
9. An individual sustained a very deep cut to his posterior forearm that
damaged the radial nerve. What action would he not be able to do?
extend the wrist
flex the shoulder
extend the shoulder
flex the wrist
10. After depolarization, how is the membrane potential quickly restored in
most neurons?
Na+ efflux
K+ influx
, K+ efflux
Na+ influx
Na/K ATPase pumping ions to their resting concentrations
11. Women are more likely to acquire a urinary tract infection (UTI) than men
because of the anatomical differences in which structure?
urethra
bladder
kidney
ureter
12. What is the primary role of the mitral valve in the heart?
To facilitate oxygen exchange in the lungs.
To regulate blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle.
To prevent backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left
atrium.
To control blood pressure in the arteries.
13. Describe the role of the tongue in the formation of a bolus during digestion.
The tongue helps to manipulate food in the mouth and shape it into
a bolus for swallowing.
The tongue transports nutrients to the stomach.
The tongue secretes enzymes to break down food.
The tongue absorbs water from food.
