C180-Introduction to Psychology Exam Questions and Answers

C180-Introduction to Psychology Exam
Questions and Answers

Section I: History and Approaches
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• 1. Which of the following schools of thought focused on breaking down consci
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ous experience into its basic components, such as sensations and feelings?
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• A) Functionalism
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• B) Behaviorism
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• C) Structuralism
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• D) Psychoanalysis
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• 2. Dr. Smith believes that behavior is primarily shaped by environmental conseq
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uences, such as rewards and punishments. Dr. Smith’s views are most consistent
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with which psychological perspective?
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• A) Cognitive
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• B) Humanistic
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• C) Behavioral
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• D) Biological
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• 3. The humanistic perspective, associated with Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslo
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w, emphasizes:
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• A) The role of unconscious drives.
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• B) The potential for personal growth and self-actualization.
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• C) The influence of genetics on behavior.
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• D) The objective measurement of observable actions.
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• 4. Wilhelm Wundt is considered the "father of psychology" primarily because h
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e:

• A) Wrote the first psychology textbook.
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• B) Established the first formal laboratory for psychological research.
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• C) Developed the theory of psychoanalysis.
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, • D) Founded the school of behaviorism.
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• 5. Which perspective is most likely to study the role of neurotransmitters and b
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rain structures in mental disorders?
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• A) Sociocultural
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• B) Psychodynamic
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• C) Biological/Neuroscience
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• D) Cognitive
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Section II: Research Methods
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• 6. In a study examining the effects of a new drug on anxiety, the group that re
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ceives a placebo is known as the:
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• A) Experimental group
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• B) Control group
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• C) Correlational group
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• D) Independent group
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• 7. A researcher finds a strong positive correlation between ice cream sales and
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violent crime rates. Which of the following is the most logical conclusion?
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• A) Eating ice cream causes violent behavior.
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• B) Violent behavior causes people to buy ice cream.
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• C) A third variable, such as temperature, may influence both variables.
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• D) The study is flawed due to a lack of random assignment.
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• 8. Which research method is best suited for determining cause-and-
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effect relationships?mn




• A) Naturalistic observation
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• B) Case study
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• C) Experiment
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• D) Survey
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, • 9. To ensure the results of their experiment are not influenced by participant ex
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pectations, researchers often use a procedure where neither the participants nor
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the experimenters know who is receiving the treatment. This is called a:
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• A) Single-blind study
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• B) Double-blind study
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• C) Confounding variable
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• D) Placebo effect
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• 10. The measure of central tendency that is most influenced by extreme scores
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(outliers) is the: mn mn




• A) Mean
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• B) Median
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• C) Mode
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• D) Range
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Section III: Biological Psychology
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• 11. The tiny gap between two neurons where communication occurs is called th
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e:

• A) Axon terminal
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• B) Myelin sheath
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• C) Synapse
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• D) Soma
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• 12. A neurotransmitter that is involved in reward, movement, and motivation, a
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nd which is linked to Parkinson’s disease when deficient, is:
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• A) Serotonin
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• B) Dopamine
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• C) Acetylcholine
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• D) GABA
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• 13. The part of the brain responsible for coordinating voluntary movement, bal
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ance, and posture is the:
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, • A) Medulla oblongata
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• B) Hypothalamus
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• C) Cerebellum
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• D) Amygdala
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• 14. The sympathetic nervous system is primarily responsible for:
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• A) Rest and digest functions.
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• B) Calming the body after a stressful event.
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• C) The fight-or-flight response.
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• D) Controlling skeletal muscle movement.
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• 15. Which brain structure is most critical for the formation of new long-
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term memories?
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• A) Hippocampus
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• B) Thalamus
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• C) Pons
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• D) Reticular formation
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• 16. The "master gland" of the endocrine system, which controls the release of h
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ormones from other glands, is the:
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• A) Thyroid gland
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• B) Adrenal gland
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• C) Pituitary gland
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• D) Pineal gland
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• 17. The visual cortex, which processes visual information, is located in the:
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• A) Temporal lobe
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• B) Frontal lobe
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• C) Parietal lobe
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• D) Occipital lobe
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• 18. Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?
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• A) Axon
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