NUR 376 Pathophysiology Exam 1
Questions With Complete Solutions
Brian, age 28, began an aerobic exercise program 2 years ago. Brian now
| | | | | | | | | | | |
competes in long-distance cycling events and considers himself to be an
| | | | | | | | | | |
endurance athlete who is in the "best shape of his life." An
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
echocardiogram reveals a slightly enlarged left ventricle. What cellular
| | | | | | | | |
change or injury that is best exemplified by the case scenario. -
| | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Physiologic hypertrophy
| |
An ADAPTIVE type of hypertrophy that occurs due to extensive exercise,
| | | | | | | | | | |
whereby the heart will create new blood vessel branches (angiogenesis)
| | | | | | | | |
and there is increased mitochondria, ATP, and actin/myosin filaments in
| | | | | | | | | |
the muscle.
| |
Recently, Karen learned that not only does HIV directly attack CD4 cells,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
but the presence of the virus seems to activate pathways responsible
| | | | | | | | | | |
for programmed cell death in CD4 cells. Thus, HIV infection appears to
| | | | | | | | | | | |
increase the rate of "suicide" for CD4 cells. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | |
Apoptosis
Define dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Compared to normal cells,
| | | | | | | |
cells demonstrating dysplasia are atypical in size and shape. Dysplasia
| | | | | | | | | |
,does not mean the cells are cancerous. However, some screening tests,
| | | | | | | | | | |
such as the Pap smear, examine tissues to determine if any cellular
| | | | | | | | | | | |
changes are taking place. Any changes in the cells can then be
| | | | | | | | | | | |
monitored over time. | |
A biopsy of a skin lesion is conducted on Leann, a 48-year-old woman.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Biopsy results revealed proliferating cells that were well-differentiated
| | | | | | | |
and resembled surrounding cells. The cells were contained within a
| | | | | | | | | |
well-defined area. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Benign neoplasia. | | | | |
Neoplasia is uncontrolled and unregulated cell growth. The mass of
| | | | | | | | | |
tissue resulting is known as a "neoplasm." In a benign neoplasm, the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
cells do not have the characteristics associated with malignancy. The
| | | | | | | | | |
cells, although cancerous, are well-differentiated, meaning they
| | | | | | |
resemble normal, mature cells. The cells are also in a contained area
| | | | | | | | | | | |
and are unlikely to spread.
| | | |
Miguel, a retired warehouse supervisor, had a myocardial infarction.
| | | | | | | | |
Further evaluation revealed he had significant blockage in his left
| | | | | | | | | |
descending coronary artery. The blockage resulted in ischemia and cell
| | | | | | | | | |
death for those cells served by the artery. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | |
Necrosis
Necrosis is premature cell death caused by cell injury. Necrosis differs
| | | | | | | | | | |
from apoptosis, in that the cellular destruction results from some form
| | | | | | | | | | |
, of trauma, rather than genetic programming. May lead to GANGRENE
| | | | | | | | | |
which is when dead tissue houses bacteria.
| | | | | |
Julianne, who suffers from familial hypercholesterolemia, presents with
| | | | | | | |
xanthomas. Xanthomas are excess cholesterol deposits, which appear as
| | | | | | | |
|yellow skin lesions. What cell process is this - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | |
Intracellular accumulation. |
Some disease processes stimulate intracellular accumulations of
| | | | | | |
particles, such as calcium, cholesterol, and triglycerides, glucose, among
| | | | | | | |
other substances. In familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic defect
| | | | | | | | |
causes decreased cellular uptake of cholesterol, resulting in high serum
| | | | | | | | | |
cholesterol levels. Cholesterol deposits, known as xanthomas, may
| | | | | | | |
appear to form under the skin.
| | | | |
Janae experienced a frightening ATV accident, in which her ATV flipped
| | | | | | | | | | |
over and she ended up catching a portion of her upper arm on a barbed
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
wire fence. Although Janae's injuries healed fully, enlarged, keloid scar
| | | | | | | | | |
formations remain at the injury site. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | |
Hyperplasia
cell proliferation, known as hyperplasia, was stimulated as a result of
| | | | | | | | | | |
her injury. A keloid results from overgrowth of granulation tissue during
| | | | | | | | | | |
the wound repair process.
| | |
Questions With Complete Solutions
Brian, age 28, began an aerobic exercise program 2 years ago. Brian now
| | | | | | | | | | | |
competes in long-distance cycling events and considers himself to be an
| | | | | | | | | | |
endurance athlete who is in the "best shape of his life." An
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
echocardiogram reveals a slightly enlarged left ventricle. What cellular
| | | | | | | | |
change or injury that is best exemplified by the case scenario. -
| | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Physiologic hypertrophy
| |
An ADAPTIVE type of hypertrophy that occurs due to extensive exercise,
| | | | | | | | | | |
whereby the heart will create new blood vessel branches (angiogenesis)
| | | | | | | | |
and there is increased mitochondria, ATP, and actin/myosin filaments in
| | | | | | | | | |
the muscle.
| |
Recently, Karen learned that not only does HIV directly attack CD4 cells,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
but the presence of the virus seems to activate pathways responsible
| | | | | | | | | | |
for programmed cell death in CD4 cells. Thus, HIV infection appears to
| | | | | | | | | | | |
increase the rate of "suicide" for CD4 cells. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | |
Apoptosis
Define dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Compared to normal cells,
| | | | | | | |
cells demonstrating dysplasia are atypical in size and shape. Dysplasia
| | | | | | | | | |
,does not mean the cells are cancerous. However, some screening tests,
| | | | | | | | | | |
such as the Pap smear, examine tissues to determine if any cellular
| | | | | | | | | | | |
changes are taking place. Any changes in the cells can then be
| | | | | | | | | | | |
monitored over time. | |
A biopsy of a skin lesion is conducted on Leann, a 48-year-old woman.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Biopsy results revealed proliferating cells that were well-differentiated
| | | | | | | |
and resembled surrounding cells. The cells were contained within a
| | | | | | | | | |
well-defined area. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Benign neoplasia. | | | | |
Neoplasia is uncontrolled and unregulated cell growth. The mass of
| | | | | | | | | |
tissue resulting is known as a "neoplasm." In a benign neoplasm, the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
cells do not have the characteristics associated with malignancy. The
| | | | | | | | | |
cells, although cancerous, are well-differentiated, meaning they
| | | | | | |
resemble normal, mature cells. The cells are also in a contained area
| | | | | | | | | | | |
and are unlikely to spread.
| | | |
Miguel, a retired warehouse supervisor, had a myocardial infarction.
| | | | | | | | |
Further evaluation revealed he had significant blockage in his left
| | | | | | | | | |
descending coronary artery. The blockage resulted in ischemia and cell
| | | | | | | | | |
death for those cells served by the artery. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | |
Necrosis
Necrosis is premature cell death caused by cell injury. Necrosis differs
| | | | | | | | | | |
from apoptosis, in that the cellular destruction results from some form
| | | | | | | | | | |
, of trauma, rather than genetic programming. May lead to GANGRENE
| | | | | | | | | |
which is when dead tissue houses bacteria.
| | | | | |
Julianne, who suffers from familial hypercholesterolemia, presents with
| | | | | | | |
xanthomas. Xanthomas are excess cholesterol deposits, which appear as
| | | | | | | |
|yellow skin lesions. What cell process is this - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | |
Intracellular accumulation. |
Some disease processes stimulate intracellular accumulations of
| | | | | | |
particles, such as calcium, cholesterol, and triglycerides, glucose, among
| | | | | | | |
other substances. In familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic defect
| | | | | | | | |
causes decreased cellular uptake of cholesterol, resulting in high serum
| | | | | | | | | |
cholesterol levels. Cholesterol deposits, known as xanthomas, may
| | | | | | | |
appear to form under the skin.
| | | | |
Janae experienced a frightening ATV accident, in which her ATV flipped
| | | | | | | | | | |
over and she ended up catching a portion of her upper arm on a barbed
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
wire fence. Although Janae's injuries healed fully, enlarged, keloid scar
| | | | | | | | | |
formations remain at the injury site. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | |
Hyperplasia
cell proliferation, known as hyperplasia, was stimulated as a result of
| | | | | | | | | | |
her injury. A keloid results from overgrowth of granulation tissue during
| | | | | | | | | | |
the wound repair process.
| | |
