ACSM CPT REVISION TEST PAPER 2026/2027 QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔VO2max - ✔✔the highest rate of oxygen transport and use that can be achieved @
maximal physical exertion
maximal oxygen consumption; measure of cardiorespiratory endurance
✔✔absolute vo2max - ✔✔the total body energy output and energy expenditure
uses the units of ( L x min -1) w/o taking into consideration body weight
✔✔relative vo2max - ✔✔the individual's oxygen consumption consumption based on
the body weight
divide the absolute vo2max by body weight in kg.
✔✔3 pathways to product ATP - ✔✔creatine phosphate (CP)
anaerobic glycolysis
aerobic oxidation of nutrients to carbon dioxide and water
✔✔ATP - ✔✔serves as the ideal energy transfer agent that powers all of the cell's
energy needs
✔✔glycolysis - ✔✔the rapid breakdown of carbohydrate molecules (glycogen/glucose)
occurring w/o the presence of oxygen; produces ATP rapidly
ends w/ pyruvate or lactate
✔✔lactic acid - ✔✔produced within the initiation of exercise
accumulates in the muscles during exercise
✔✔oxygen deficit - ✔✔refers to the lag in oxygen consumption at the beginning of
exercise
✔✔sarcomere - ✔✔the smallest contractile unit of a muscle cell
composed of 2 types of muscle protein: actin & myosin
✔✔actin - ✔✔contains tropomyosin & troponin
✔✔sliding filament theory - ✔✔describes events that occur btwn myosin & actin
filaments during muscle contraction & relaxation
✔✔static (isometric) contraction - ✔✔the muscle/muscle group maintain a constant
length as resistance is applied
✔✔dynamic (isotonic) contraction - ✔✔movement occurs at the joint of action
, ✔✔concentric contraction - ✔✔if a force is sufficient enough to overcome the external
resistance (dumbbell) and the muscle SHORTENS (the lifting phase of a bicep curl)
✔✔eccentric contraction - ✔✔when the resistance is greater than the force applied by
the muscle and it LENGTHENS (the lowering phase of a bicep curl)
✔✔isokinetic contraction - ✔✔entails a muscular contraction at a constant speed
against accommodating resistance
✔✔type I muscle fibers - ✔✔slow twitch muscle fibers selected for activities of LOW
intensity and LONG duration; resistance to fatigue; aerobic
✔✔type II muscle fibers - ✔✔fast twitch muscle fibers selected for high speed tasks
✔✔type IIa - ✔✔muscle fibers that get energy sources from within muscles (CP)
✔✔motor unit consists of .. - ✔✔the motor neuron
the muscle fibers it innervates
✔✔tendons - ✔✔connect bone to muscles
✔✔axial skeleton (3) - ✔✔skull
vertebral column
sternum
✔✔3 classifications of joints - ✔✔fibrous- bones united by fibrous tissue
cartliginous- w/ cartilage anchor
synovial- fibrous articulate capsule & inner membrane lining to enclose the joint cavity
✔✔AROM (active rom) - ✔✔range can be reached by voluntary movement
✔✔PROM (passive rom) - ✔✔range can be achieved by external means
✔✔muscle spindle - ✔✔sensory receptor; main function is to respond to stretch of a
muscle and initiate a stronger muscle action to reduce this stretch
✔✔golgi tendon organs - ✔✔specialized proprioceptor that attaches to tendons; detect
differences in tension generates by active muscle rather than muscle length; serve to
prevent muscle injury from over-contraction
✔✔overload principle - ✔✔the resistance applied against a muscle must be large
enough to impose a demand on the body system
can be accomplished by modifying the # of reps, sets, or amount of resistance
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔VO2max - ✔✔the highest rate of oxygen transport and use that can be achieved @
maximal physical exertion
maximal oxygen consumption; measure of cardiorespiratory endurance
✔✔absolute vo2max - ✔✔the total body energy output and energy expenditure
uses the units of ( L x min -1) w/o taking into consideration body weight
✔✔relative vo2max - ✔✔the individual's oxygen consumption consumption based on
the body weight
divide the absolute vo2max by body weight in kg.
✔✔3 pathways to product ATP - ✔✔creatine phosphate (CP)
anaerobic glycolysis
aerobic oxidation of nutrients to carbon dioxide and water
✔✔ATP - ✔✔serves as the ideal energy transfer agent that powers all of the cell's
energy needs
✔✔glycolysis - ✔✔the rapid breakdown of carbohydrate molecules (glycogen/glucose)
occurring w/o the presence of oxygen; produces ATP rapidly
ends w/ pyruvate or lactate
✔✔lactic acid - ✔✔produced within the initiation of exercise
accumulates in the muscles during exercise
✔✔oxygen deficit - ✔✔refers to the lag in oxygen consumption at the beginning of
exercise
✔✔sarcomere - ✔✔the smallest contractile unit of a muscle cell
composed of 2 types of muscle protein: actin & myosin
✔✔actin - ✔✔contains tropomyosin & troponin
✔✔sliding filament theory - ✔✔describes events that occur btwn myosin & actin
filaments during muscle contraction & relaxation
✔✔static (isometric) contraction - ✔✔the muscle/muscle group maintain a constant
length as resistance is applied
✔✔dynamic (isotonic) contraction - ✔✔movement occurs at the joint of action
, ✔✔concentric contraction - ✔✔if a force is sufficient enough to overcome the external
resistance (dumbbell) and the muscle SHORTENS (the lifting phase of a bicep curl)
✔✔eccentric contraction - ✔✔when the resistance is greater than the force applied by
the muscle and it LENGTHENS (the lowering phase of a bicep curl)
✔✔isokinetic contraction - ✔✔entails a muscular contraction at a constant speed
against accommodating resistance
✔✔type I muscle fibers - ✔✔slow twitch muscle fibers selected for activities of LOW
intensity and LONG duration; resistance to fatigue; aerobic
✔✔type II muscle fibers - ✔✔fast twitch muscle fibers selected for high speed tasks
✔✔type IIa - ✔✔muscle fibers that get energy sources from within muscles (CP)
✔✔motor unit consists of .. - ✔✔the motor neuron
the muscle fibers it innervates
✔✔tendons - ✔✔connect bone to muscles
✔✔axial skeleton (3) - ✔✔skull
vertebral column
sternum
✔✔3 classifications of joints - ✔✔fibrous- bones united by fibrous tissue
cartliginous- w/ cartilage anchor
synovial- fibrous articulate capsule & inner membrane lining to enclose the joint cavity
✔✔AROM (active rom) - ✔✔range can be reached by voluntary movement
✔✔PROM (passive rom) - ✔✔range can be achieved by external means
✔✔muscle spindle - ✔✔sensory receptor; main function is to respond to stretch of a
muscle and initiate a stronger muscle action to reduce this stretch
✔✔golgi tendon organs - ✔✔specialized proprioceptor that attaches to tendons; detect
differences in tension generates by active muscle rather than muscle length; serve to
prevent muscle injury from over-contraction
✔✔overload principle - ✔✔the resistance applied against a muscle must be large
enough to impose a demand on the body system
can be accomplished by modifying the # of reps, sets, or amount of resistance
