CRAT FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔31. The study of electrical activity of the heart is known as:
A. Electrocardiologist
B. Cardiology
C. Electrocardiogram
D. Electrocardiology - ✔✔D. Electrocardiology
✔✔32. Telemedicine enables physicians to see ECG tracings from patients who live in
remote areas via the machine pictured here. What type of monitor is this? - Patient is in
an in-home setting with the monitor being hooked up to a landline.
A. Telemetry monitor
B. 12-lead ECG monitor
C. Transtelephonic monitor
D. Holter monitor - ✔✔C. Transtelephonic monitor
✔✔33. What is the single most important procedure to perform to adhere to universal
precautions and prevent the spread of infection?
A. Gloving
B. Isolation procedures
C. Wearing a mask
D. Hand washing - ✔✔D. Hand washing
✔✔34. Which of the following describes "contractibility"?
A. The ability of the heart muscle cells to shorten in response to an electrical stimulus.
B. The ability of the heart cells to receive and transmit an electrical impulse.
C. The ability of the heart to initiate an electrical impulse without being stimulated by
another source.
D. The ability of the heart muscle cells to respond to an impulse or stimulus. - ✔✔A. The
ability of the heart muscle cells to shorten in response to an electrical stimulus.
✔✔35. Which of the following is the outside, thin layer of the heart, containing the
coronary arteries?
A. Epicardium
B. Pericardium
C. Myocardium
D. Endocardium - ✔✔A. Epicardium
,✔✔36. On the ECG waveform, what is the beginning of the atrial depolarization to the
beginning of the ventricular depolarization, or the time it takes the impulse to travel from
the SA node to the AV node?
A. QT interval
B. QRS complex
C. PR interval
D. P wave - ✔✔C. PR interval
✔✔37. In addition to automaticity, what involuntary system controls the heartbeat?
A. Sympathetic nervous system
B. Parasympathetic nervous system
C. Central nervous system
D. Autonomic nervous system - ✔✔D. Autonomic nervous system
✔✔38. What is the J point and why is it used?
A. Ventricular depolarization and resulting ventricular contraction; used to measure the
heart rate.
B. The end of the QRS complex and ventricular depolarization; used to interpret ECG
tracings.
C. Repolarization of the bundle of HIS and purkinje fibers; used to interpret ECG
tracings.
D. Period of time from the start of the ventricular depolarization to the end of the
ventricular repolarization. - ✔✔B. The end of the QRS complex and ventricular
depolarization; used to interpret ECG tracings.
✔✔39. What does the isoelectric line of the ECG tracing indicate?
A. Positive electrical deflections
B. Depolarization
C. No electrical activity
D. Negative electrical deflections - ✔✔C. No electrical activity
✔✔40. Which of the following statements is MOST correct regarding pulmonary
circulation?
A. Pulmonary circulation is the transportation of blood between the heart and the entire
body, excluding the lungs.
B. Pulmonary circulation is the transportation of blood to and from the lungs. Blood is
oxygenated in the lungs during pulmonary circulation.
C. Pulmonary circulation is the transportation of blood to and from the lungs. Blood is
deoxygenated in the lungs during pulmonary circulation.
,D. Pulmonary circulation is the transportation of blood between the heart and the entire
body. Blood is oxygenated in the lungs during pulmonary circulation. - ✔✔B. Pulmonary
circulation is the transportation of blood to and from the lungs. Blood is oxygenated in
the lungs during pulmonary circulation.
✔✔41. What is the state of cellular stimulation in the heart that causes it to contract?
A. Depolarization
B. Repolarization
C. Polarization
D. Cardiac conduction - ✔✔A. Depolarization
✔✔42. Which of the following statements BEST describes coronary circulation?
A. Circulation of blood to and from the body
B. Circulation of blood to and from the lungs
C. Circulation of blood to and from the heart muscle
D. Circulation of oxygen throughout the body - ✔✔C. Circulation of blood to and from
the heart muscle
✔✔43. Which of the following sequences correctly identifies the pathways for
conduction through the heart?
A. AV node, SA node, bundle of HIS, bundle branches, purkinje fibers
B. SA node, AV node, bundle branches, bundle of HIS, purkinje fibers
C. SA node, AV node, bundle of HIS, purkinje fibers, bundle braches
D. SA node, AV node, bundle of HIS, bundle branches, purkinje fibers - ✔✔D. SA node,
AV node, bundle of HIS, bundle branches, purkinje fibers
✔✔On the ECG waveform, what represents atrial depolarization with resulting atrial
contraction?
A. Q wave
B. T wave
C. R wave
D. P wave - ✔✔D. P wave
✔✔45. On the ECG waveform, what is the ventricular repolarization?
A. S wave
B. P wave
C. Q wave
D. T wave - ✔✔D. T wave
, ✔✔46. Which of the following parts of the conduction system conducts the impulses
down both sides of the interventricular septum?
A. Bundle branches
B. Purkinje fibers
C. Bundle of HIS
D. AV node - ✔✔A. Bundle branches
✔✔47. What occurs in the heart during systole and diastole?
A. Systole allows blood to flow into the heart and diastole forces blood out of the heart.
B. Systole forces blood out of the heart and the relaxation of the heart during diastole
allows blood into the heart chambers.
C. The heart contracts during both diastole and systole.
D. The heart relaxes during both systole and diastole. - ✔✔B. Systole forces blood out
of the heart and the relaxation of the heart during diastole allows blood into the heart
chambers.
✔✔48. On the ECG waveform, what represents the repolarization of the bundle of HIS
and purkinje fibers?
A. Q wave
B. U wave
C. P wave
D. S wave - ✔✔B. U wave
✔✔49: Structure that pumps blood into the aorta to travel through the entire body.
A. Right atrium
B. Left atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle - ✔✔D. Left ventricle
✔✔50. On the ECG waveform, what is the period of time from the start of the ventricular
depolarization to the end of ventricular repolarization?
A. QT interval
B. U wave
C. QRS complex
D. ST segment - ✔✔A. QT interval
✔✔51. What is the term for the ability of the heart cells to receive and transmit an
electrical impulse?
A. Automaticity
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔31. The study of electrical activity of the heart is known as:
A. Electrocardiologist
B. Cardiology
C. Electrocardiogram
D. Electrocardiology - ✔✔D. Electrocardiology
✔✔32. Telemedicine enables physicians to see ECG tracings from patients who live in
remote areas via the machine pictured here. What type of monitor is this? - Patient is in
an in-home setting with the monitor being hooked up to a landline.
A. Telemetry monitor
B. 12-lead ECG monitor
C. Transtelephonic monitor
D. Holter monitor - ✔✔C. Transtelephonic monitor
✔✔33. What is the single most important procedure to perform to adhere to universal
precautions and prevent the spread of infection?
A. Gloving
B. Isolation procedures
C. Wearing a mask
D. Hand washing - ✔✔D. Hand washing
✔✔34. Which of the following describes "contractibility"?
A. The ability of the heart muscle cells to shorten in response to an electrical stimulus.
B. The ability of the heart cells to receive and transmit an electrical impulse.
C. The ability of the heart to initiate an electrical impulse without being stimulated by
another source.
D. The ability of the heart muscle cells to respond to an impulse or stimulus. - ✔✔A. The
ability of the heart muscle cells to shorten in response to an electrical stimulus.
✔✔35. Which of the following is the outside, thin layer of the heart, containing the
coronary arteries?
A. Epicardium
B. Pericardium
C. Myocardium
D. Endocardium - ✔✔A. Epicardium
,✔✔36. On the ECG waveform, what is the beginning of the atrial depolarization to the
beginning of the ventricular depolarization, or the time it takes the impulse to travel from
the SA node to the AV node?
A. QT interval
B. QRS complex
C. PR interval
D. P wave - ✔✔C. PR interval
✔✔37. In addition to automaticity, what involuntary system controls the heartbeat?
A. Sympathetic nervous system
B. Parasympathetic nervous system
C. Central nervous system
D. Autonomic nervous system - ✔✔D. Autonomic nervous system
✔✔38. What is the J point and why is it used?
A. Ventricular depolarization and resulting ventricular contraction; used to measure the
heart rate.
B. The end of the QRS complex and ventricular depolarization; used to interpret ECG
tracings.
C. Repolarization of the bundle of HIS and purkinje fibers; used to interpret ECG
tracings.
D. Period of time from the start of the ventricular depolarization to the end of the
ventricular repolarization. - ✔✔B. The end of the QRS complex and ventricular
depolarization; used to interpret ECG tracings.
✔✔39. What does the isoelectric line of the ECG tracing indicate?
A. Positive electrical deflections
B. Depolarization
C. No electrical activity
D. Negative electrical deflections - ✔✔C. No electrical activity
✔✔40. Which of the following statements is MOST correct regarding pulmonary
circulation?
A. Pulmonary circulation is the transportation of blood between the heart and the entire
body, excluding the lungs.
B. Pulmonary circulation is the transportation of blood to and from the lungs. Blood is
oxygenated in the lungs during pulmonary circulation.
C. Pulmonary circulation is the transportation of blood to and from the lungs. Blood is
deoxygenated in the lungs during pulmonary circulation.
,D. Pulmonary circulation is the transportation of blood between the heart and the entire
body. Blood is oxygenated in the lungs during pulmonary circulation. - ✔✔B. Pulmonary
circulation is the transportation of blood to and from the lungs. Blood is oxygenated in
the lungs during pulmonary circulation.
✔✔41. What is the state of cellular stimulation in the heart that causes it to contract?
A. Depolarization
B. Repolarization
C. Polarization
D. Cardiac conduction - ✔✔A. Depolarization
✔✔42. Which of the following statements BEST describes coronary circulation?
A. Circulation of blood to and from the body
B. Circulation of blood to and from the lungs
C. Circulation of blood to and from the heart muscle
D. Circulation of oxygen throughout the body - ✔✔C. Circulation of blood to and from
the heart muscle
✔✔43. Which of the following sequences correctly identifies the pathways for
conduction through the heart?
A. AV node, SA node, bundle of HIS, bundle branches, purkinje fibers
B. SA node, AV node, bundle branches, bundle of HIS, purkinje fibers
C. SA node, AV node, bundle of HIS, purkinje fibers, bundle braches
D. SA node, AV node, bundle of HIS, bundle branches, purkinje fibers - ✔✔D. SA node,
AV node, bundle of HIS, bundle branches, purkinje fibers
✔✔On the ECG waveform, what represents atrial depolarization with resulting atrial
contraction?
A. Q wave
B. T wave
C. R wave
D. P wave - ✔✔D. P wave
✔✔45. On the ECG waveform, what is the ventricular repolarization?
A. S wave
B. P wave
C. Q wave
D. T wave - ✔✔D. T wave
, ✔✔46. Which of the following parts of the conduction system conducts the impulses
down both sides of the interventricular septum?
A. Bundle branches
B. Purkinje fibers
C. Bundle of HIS
D. AV node - ✔✔A. Bundle branches
✔✔47. What occurs in the heart during systole and diastole?
A. Systole allows blood to flow into the heart and diastole forces blood out of the heart.
B. Systole forces blood out of the heart and the relaxation of the heart during diastole
allows blood into the heart chambers.
C. The heart contracts during both diastole and systole.
D. The heart relaxes during both systole and diastole. - ✔✔B. Systole forces blood out
of the heart and the relaxation of the heart during diastole allows blood into the heart
chambers.
✔✔48. On the ECG waveform, what represents the repolarization of the bundle of HIS
and purkinje fibers?
A. Q wave
B. U wave
C. P wave
D. S wave - ✔✔B. U wave
✔✔49: Structure that pumps blood into the aorta to travel through the entire body.
A. Right atrium
B. Left atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle - ✔✔D. Left ventricle
✔✔50. On the ECG waveform, what is the period of time from the start of the ventricular
depolarization to the end of ventricular repolarization?
A. QT interval
B. U wave
C. QRS complex
D. ST segment - ✔✔A. QT interval
✔✔51. What is the term for the ability of the heart cells to receive and transmit an
electrical impulse?
A. Automaticity
