NU 131 / NUR 131
Nursing and Healthcare I
Galen College of Nursing
NU 131 / NUR 131 Exam 1
Questions & Answers Plus
Detailed Rationales
Latest 2026 | PDF
THIS EXAM CONTAINS:
✓100% Pass
✓Multiple Choice ( A-D)
✓Detailed Rationales For Each Question
✓Correct Answers For Each Question
✓250 Qs & Answers
,SECTION 1: HISTORY OF NURSING AND NURSING THEORISTS
(Questions 1-25)
1. Who is considered the founder of modern nursing and
established the first secular nursing school?
A. Clara Barton
B. Lillian Wald
C. Florence Nightingale
D. Dorothea Dix
*Rationale: Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of
modern nursing. She established the first secular nursing
school at St. Thomas's Hospital in London in 1860.
Nightingale's work during the Crimean War significantly
reduced mortality rates and established nursing as a
respected profession. She emphasized the importance of
cleanliness, fresh air, light, and careful observation in patient
care. Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Lillian
Wald pioneered public health nursing. Dorothea Dix advocated
for the mentally ill.
2. Which nursing theorist developed the Theory of Human
Caring, emphasizing the caring relationship between nurse
and patient?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Jean Watson
C. Dorothea Orem
D. Madeleine Leininger
,*Rationale: Jean Watson developed the Theory of Human
Caring, which emphasizes the importance of the caring
relationship between nurse and patient. Watson's theory
focuses on the humanistic aspects of nursing and the idea that
caring is central to nursing practice. The theory includes ten
carative factors that guide nursing care. Watson's work has
had a significant impact on nursing practice, education, and
research, promoting holistic and compassionate care.
3. Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory proposes that
nursing is needed when:
A. The patient is in pain
B. The patient is unable to meet their own self-care needs
C. The patient is hospitalized
D. The patient has a chronic illness
*Rationale: Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory proposes
that nursing is needed when a patient is unable to meet their
own self-care needs. The theory is composed of three related
theories: the Theory of Self-Care, the Theory of Self-Care
Deficit, and the Theory of Nursing Systems. The nurse's role is
to assist the patient in meeting self-care needs and to help the
patient develop the ability to perform self-care independently.
4. Madeleine Leininger's Theory of Cultural Care Diversity
and Universality is also known as:
, A. Transcultural Nursing
B. Human Caring
C. Self-Care Deficit
D. Adaptation Model
*Rationale: Madeleine Leininger developed the Theory of
Cultural Care Diversity and Universality, also known as
Transcultural Nursing. This theory emphasizes the importance
of cultural competence in nursing care and the need for nurses
to understand and respect the cultural beliefs, values, and
practices of their patients. Leininger's theory has had a
significant impact on nursing practice, education, and
research, promoting culturally sensitive care.
5. Hildegard Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations
focuses on:
A. The nurse-client relationship and the therapeutic process
B. The patient's ability to perform self-care activities
C. The importance of cultural competence
D. The environment as a factor in health
*Rationale: Hildegard Peplau developed the Theory of
Interpersonal Relations, which focuses on the nurse-client
relationship and the therapeutic process. Peplau's theory
emphasizes the importance of communication, trust, and
collaboration in the nurse-client relationship. She described
four phases of the nurse-client relationship: orientation,
identification, exploitation, and resolution.
Nursing and Healthcare I
Galen College of Nursing
NU 131 / NUR 131 Exam 1
Questions & Answers Plus
Detailed Rationales
Latest 2026 | PDF
THIS EXAM CONTAINS:
✓100% Pass
✓Multiple Choice ( A-D)
✓Detailed Rationales For Each Question
✓Correct Answers For Each Question
✓250 Qs & Answers
,SECTION 1: HISTORY OF NURSING AND NURSING THEORISTS
(Questions 1-25)
1. Who is considered the founder of modern nursing and
established the first secular nursing school?
A. Clara Barton
B. Lillian Wald
C. Florence Nightingale
D. Dorothea Dix
*Rationale: Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of
modern nursing. She established the first secular nursing
school at St. Thomas's Hospital in London in 1860.
Nightingale's work during the Crimean War significantly
reduced mortality rates and established nursing as a
respected profession. She emphasized the importance of
cleanliness, fresh air, light, and careful observation in patient
care. Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Lillian
Wald pioneered public health nursing. Dorothea Dix advocated
for the mentally ill.
2. Which nursing theorist developed the Theory of Human
Caring, emphasizing the caring relationship between nurse
and patient?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Jean Watson
C. Dorothea Orem
D. Madeleine Leininger
,*Rationale: Jean Watson developed the Theory of Human
Caring, which emphasizes the importance of the caring
relationship between nurse and patient. Watson's theory
focuses on the humanistic aspects of nursing and the idea that
caring is central to nursing practice. The theory includes ten
carative factors that guide nursing care. Watson's work has
had a significant impact on nursing practice, education, and
research, promoting holistic and compassionate care.
3. Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory proposes that
nursing is needed when:
A. The patient is in pain
B. The patient is unable to meet their own self-care needs
C. The patient is hospitalized
D. The patient has a chronic illness
*Rationale: Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory proposes
that nursing is needed when a patient is unable to meet their
own self-care needs. The theory is composed of three related
theories: the Theory of Self-Care, the Theory of Self-Care
Deficit, and the Theory of Nursing Systems. The nurse's role is
to assist the patient in meeting self-care needs and to help the
patient develop the ability to perform self-care independently.
4. Madeleine Leininger's Theory of Cultural Care Diversity
and Universality is also known as:
, A. Transcultural Nursing
B. Human Caring
C. Self-Care Deficit
D. Adaptation Model
*Rationale: Madeleine Leininger developed the Theory of
Cultural Care Diversity and Universality, also known as
Transcultural Nursing. This theory emphasizes the importance
of cultural competence in nursing care and the need for nurses
to understand and respect the cultural beliefs, values, and
practices of their patients. Leininger's theory has had a
significant impact on nursing practice, education, and
research, promoting culturally sensitive care.
5. Hildegard Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations
focuses on:
A. The nurse-client relationship and the therapeutic process
B. The patient's ability to perform self-care activities
C. The importance of cultural competence
D. The environment as a factor in health
*Rationale: Hildegard Peplau developed the Theory of
Interpersonal Relations, which focuses on the nurse-client
relationship and the therapeutic process. Peplau's theory
emphasizes the importance of communication, trust, and
collaboration in the nurse-client relationship. She described
four phases of the nurse-client relationship: orientation,
identification, exploitation, and resolution.
