NSG 530 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS LATEST 2026 EDITION
Interphase - ans-cell feeds, metabolizes and grows while replicating DNA in preparation for
mitosis
Prophase - ans-first appearance of chromosomes (will be 92)
Metaphase - ans-Centrioles pull chromosomes to opposite sides of cell (chromatid) - 46 each
side
Anaphase - ans-Centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled apart
Telophase - ans-New nuclear membrane formed around each group of 46 chromosomes
*When it goes right, euploid cells are produced*
Nondisjunction - ans-Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate.
Polyploidy - ans-condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
Triploidy - ans-when an organism has three copies of every chromsome instead of two
Tetrapoloidy - ans-euploid has 92 chromosomes and fetus usually does not survive
Huntington's disease - ans-Single gene disorder (trinucleotide
repeat mutation) Autosomal dominant (50% chance of passing it
on)
Progressive neurologic disease
with late onset (40s)
Prevention- genetic testing for
pregnancy planning
Cystic fibrosis - ans-Single gene disorder (CFTR
gene mutation) Autosomal recessive
Most common in white children
Defective transport of chloride ions cause salt imbalance- thickened secretions, digestive
issues, malnutrition. Males and females
Must inherit two copies of gene (1 from each parent)
Turner syndrome - ans-XO chromosomal disorder, monosomy of
X-affects females Short stature, webbed neck, undeveloped
breasts but female genitalia, usually sterile
Down syndrome - ans-Chromosomal
, disorder, trisomy 21 Affects both sexes
Intellectual disability, poor muscle tone, low nasal bridge, low set ears, protruding tongue,
epicanthal fold
Fragile X syndrome - ans-Chromosomal disorder
(break in long arm of X) Higher prevalence in males
Intellectual disability
Klinefelter syndrome - ans-(XXY) chromosomal disorder
1:1000 male births Male appearance, sparse body hair,
mild intellectual disability
Atrophy - ans-Decrease in cell size
"When cast is removed from left calf, it is smaller than the right calf"
Hypertrophy - ans-Increase in cell size
"Captain of roller derby team has greater thigh diameter at the end of the season than at the
beginning of the season"
Hyperplasia - ans-Increase in cell number
"Lining of uterus thickens after ovulation because of increased
amounts of estrogen" "Liver regenerates after surgical removal of
damaged portion"
Metaplasia - ans-Reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another, less mature cell
type or change in cell phenotype
"Columnar epithelium in bronchi of cigarette smoker is replaced by stratified squamous
epithelium after smoking cessation"
Dysplasia - ans-Deranged cellular growth, is not considered a true cellular adaption but rather
atypical hyperplasia "Cells of the cervix can be classified on PAP as high grade or low grade
depending on how abnormal the cells have become in size and shape"
What is the difference between hypertrophy and hyperplasia? - ans-Hypertrophy (a form of
anabolism) increases tissue mass by keeping the same number of cells and making each
individual cell larger, but hyperplasia increases tissue mass by increasing the number of cells
What is suffocation? - ans-Occurs when oxygen fails to reach the blood. It can be caused by
lack of O2 in environment (such as with carbon monoxide poisoning) or a blockage of the
airway (choking).
CO Poisoning - ans-CO has easier time binding to Hgb thus decreasing O2 binding causing
sleepiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness
Dehydration - ans-Reduction in bodily fluids
Symptoms- headache, thirst, fatigue, dry mucous membranes,
ACCURATE ANSWERS LATEST 2026 EDITION
Interphase - ans-cell feeds, metabolizes and grows while replicating DNA in preparation for
mitosis
Prophase - ans-first appearance of chromosomes (will be 92)
Metaphase - ans-Centrioles pull chromosomes to opposite sides of cell (chromatid) - 46 each
side
Anaphase - ans-Centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled apart
Telophase - ans-New nuclear membrane formed around each group of 46 chromosomes
*When it goes right, euploid cells are produced*
Nondisjunction - ans-Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate.
Polyploidy - ans-condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
Triploidy - ans-when an organism has three copies of every chromsome instead of two
Tetrapoloidy - ans-euploid has 92 chromosomes and fetus usually does not survive
Huntington's disease - ans-Single gene disorder (trinucleotide
repeat mutation) Autosomal dominant (50% chance of passing it
on)
Progressive neurologic disease
with late onset (40s)
Prevention- genetic testing for
pregnancy planning
Cystic fibrosis - ans-Single gene disorder (CFTR
gene mutation) Autosomal recessive
Most common in white children
Defective transport of chloride ions cause salt imbalance- thickened secretions, digestive
issues, malnutrition. Males and females
Must inherit two copies of gene (1 from each parent)
Turner syndrome - ans-XO chromosomal disorder, monosomy of
X-affects females Short stature, webbed neck, undeveloped
breasts but female genitalia, usually sterile
Down syndrome - ans-Chromosomal
, disorder, trisomy 21 Affects both sexes
Intellectual disability, poor muscle tone, low nasal bridge, low set ears, protruding tongue,
epicanthal fold
Fragile X syndrome - ans-Chromosomal disorder
(break in long arm of X) Higher prevalence in males
Intellectual disability
Klinefelter syndrome - ans-(XXY) chromosomal disorder
1:1000 male births Male appearance, sparse body hair,
mild intellectual disability
Atrophy - ans-Decrease in cell size
"When cast is removed from left calf, it is smaller than the right calf"
Hypertrophy - ans-Increase in cell size
"Captain of roller derby team has greater thigh diameter at the end of the season than at the
beginning of the season"
Hyperplasia - ans-Increase in cell number
"Lining of uterus thickens after ovulation because of increased
amounts of estrogen" "Liver regenerates after surgical removal of
damaged portion"
Metaplasia - ans-Reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another, less mature cell
type or change in cell phenotype
"Columnar epithelium in bronchi of cigarette smoker is replaced by stratified squamous
epithelium after smoking cessation"
Dysplasia - ans-Deranged cellular growth, is not considered a true cellular adaption but rather
atypical hyperplasia "Cells of the cervix can be classified on PAP as high grade or low grade
depending on how abnormal the cells have become in size and shape"
What is the difference between hypertrophy and hyperplasia? - ans-Hypertrophy (a form of
anabolism) increases tissue mass by keeping the same number of cells and making each
individual cell larger, but hyperplasia increases tissue mass by increasing the number of cells
What is suffocation? - ans-Occurs when oxygen fails to reach the blood. It can be caused by
lack of O2 in environment (such as with carbon monoxide poisoning) or a blockage of the
airway (choking).
CO Poisoning - ans-CO has easier time binding to Hgb thus decreasing O2 binding causing
sleepiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness
Dehydration - ans-Reduction in bodily fluids
Symptoms- headache, thirst, fatigue, dry mucous membranes,
