Georgia Biology EOC (2026/2027) |
Exam Questions | Prep Guide | A+
• Gamete -✓✓a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that
unites with another cell to form a new organism.
• Zygote -✓✓the cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it
undergoes cleavage.
• Embryo -✓✓the young in the early stages of development within the
womb
• Punnett Square -✓✓a type of grid used to show the gametes of each
parent and their possible offspring; a type of grid that can indicate all the
possible outcomes of a genetic cross
• Phenotype -✓✓The expression of a specific trait based on genetic and
environmental influences; the physical features of an organism
• Genotype -✓✓the genetic makeup of an organism
• Allele -✓✓any of several forms of a gene that are responsible for
hereditary variation
,• Homozygous -✓✓having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of
hereditary characteristics
• Heterozygous -✓✓having different pairs of genes for any hereditary
characteristic
• Dominant Trait -✓✓a trait that will appear in the offspring if one of
the parents contributes it
• Recessive Trait -✓✓a trait that must be contributed by both parents in
order to appear in the offspring
• Nondisjunction -✓✓the failure of chromosomes to separate and
segregate into daughter cells at division
• Mutation -✓✓a change in a gene or a chromosome
• Genetic Engineering -✓✓the development and application of scientific
methods, procedures, and technologies to alter the hereditary traits of a
cell or organism
• Recombinant DNA -✓✓DNA in which one or more segments or genes
have been inserted from a different molecule or from another part of the
same molecule, resulting in a new genetic combination
, • Transcription -✓✓The process by which mRNA is copied from a
DNA template
• Replication -✓✓the process by which exact copies of complex
molecules, such as DNA molecules, that occurs during growth of living
organisms
• Translation -✓✓The process by which mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes
control the production of a protein molecule from amino acids
• Ecosystem -✓✓the interaction of a community of organisms with their
environment
• Producer -✓✓An autotrophic organism that serves as a source of food
for other organisms in a food chain
• Cladogram -✓✓
• Binomial Nomenclature -✓✓a system for naming plants and animals
by means of two Latin names: the first indicating the genus and the
second the species to which the organism belongs
• Autotroph -✓✓any organism capable of self-nourishment by using
photosynthesis as a source of energy
Exam Questions | Prep Guide | A+
• Gamete -✓✓a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that
unites with another cell to form a new organism.
• Zygote -✓✓the cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it
undergoes cleavage.
• Embryo -✓✓the young in the early stages of development within the
womb
• Punnett Square -✓✓a type of grid used to show the gametes of each
parent and their possible offspring; a type of grid that can indicate all the
possible outcomes of a genetic cross
• Phenotype -✓✓The expression of a specific trait based on genetic and
environmental influences; the physical features of an organism
• Genotype -✓✓the genetic makeup of an organism
• Allele -✓✓any of several forms of a gene that are responsible for
hereditary variation
,• Homozygous -✓✓having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of
hereditary characteristics
• Heterozygous -✓✓having different pairs of genes for any hereditary
characteristic
• Dominant Trait -✓✓a trait that will appear in the offspring if one of
the parents contributes it
• Recessive Trait -✓✓a trait that must be contributed by both parents in
order to appear in the offspring
• Nondisjunction -✓✓the failure of chromosomes to separate and
segregate into daughter cells at division
• Mutation -✓✓a change in a gene or a chromosome
• Genetic Engineering -✓✓the development and application of scientific
methods, procedures, and technologies to alter the hereditary traits of a
cell or organism
• Recombinant DNA -✓✓DNA in which one or more segments or genes
have been inserted from a different molecule or from another part of the
same molecule, resulting in a new genetic combination
, • Transcription -✓✓The process by which mRNA is copied from a
DNA template
• Replication -✓✓the process by which exact copies of complex
molecules, such as DNA molecules, that occurs during growth of living
organisms
• Translation -✓✓The process by which mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes
control the production of a protein molecule from amino acids
• Ecosystem -✓✓the interaction of a community of organisms with their
environment
• Producer -✓✓An autotrophic organism that serves as a source of food
for other organisms in a food chain
• Cladogram -✓✓
• Binomial Nomenclature -✓✓a system for naming plants and animals
by means of two Latin names: the first indicating the genus and the
second the species to which the organism belongs
• Autotroph -✓✓any organism capable of self-nourishment by using
photosynthesis as a source of energy
