EMS 1055 Final Exam Study Guide
Latest Updated
How to read blood pressure - ANSWER-Top number: systolic pressure (heart's
ventricles contract)
Bottom number: diastolic pressure (heart's ventricles are relaxed)
carotid pulse - ANSWER-the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of
the neck. Blood pressure is at least 60 systolic
femoral pulse - ANSWER-Pulse felt on either side of the groin; Femoral artery. blood
pressure is at least 70 systolic.
brachial pulse - ANSWER-the pulse felt in the upper arm. (often used for infants.)
radial pulse - ANSWER-the pulse felt at the wrist. blood pressure is at least 80 systolic.
pedal pulse - ANSWER-The pulse rate obtained on the top of the foot. blood pressure is
at least 90-100 systolic
types of shock - ANSWER-cardiogenic, neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic, hypovelimic,
obstructive(mechanical), insulin (pseudo)
shock - ANSWER-lack of perfusion at the cellular level
general signs and symptoms of shock - ANSWER--skin:pale, cool, diaphoretic
-anxiety
-impending doom
-altered LOC
-dilated pupils
-sustained tachycardia
-tachypnea
-decreased urine output
-thirst
-delayed capillary refill
general treatment in shock - ANSWER--high flow oxygen
-trendelenberg position
-keep warm
-load and go transport
,cardiogenic shock - ANSWER--most commingly caused by AMI
-other causes: Myocarditis, myocardial contusion
-"pump problem"
-decreased CO leads to hyperfusion
-heart begins to fail
cardiogenic shock treatment - ANSWER--standard shock treatment applies
-patient may not tolerate supine or trendelenberg position
-transport to cardiac facility critical
neurogenic shock - ANSWER-Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that
control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients
with spinal cord injuries.
-caused by-
-spinal cord injury above T6
-spinal anesthesia
-vasomotor center depression
-may take hours to appear
*symptoms*
-skin warm and dry
-bradycardia
-poikilothermia
septic shock - ANSWER-Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection.
-distributive type of shock
-due to infection that becomes systemic
-very common in icu setting
-patients often febrile
-antibiotics are needed to treat infection
-more gradual onset starting with SIRS
hypovolemic shock - ANSWER-shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
obstructive shock - ANSWER-Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in
the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body's tissues.
-tension pneumothorax
-pericardial tamponade
wheezes - ANSWER-continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during
breathing when bronchioles restrict.
Rhonchi - ANSWER-Rattling noise of mucous in the lungs and upper airway
fine rales - ANSWER-same as course rales but is more low pitched and cracky
, Course Rales - ANSWER-when you get fluid in lungs; sounds fluid and crackly
stridor - ANSWER-strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by
obstruction in the pharynx or larynx. sounds like whale. inventory is above vocal chords,
expiatory is below.
CO posioning - ANSWER-hypoxia due to hemoglobin binding
symptoms
-altered LOC
-cherry-red skin color or cyanosis
-progressive cardiac hypoxia
management
-remove from source
-high-flow oxygen
-LOC: intubation, ventilation
-hyperbaric chamber
Inhalation injuries - ANSWER--Burn related deaths >50%
-mechanism- confined space or entrapment
-classifications- carbon monoxide poisoning, heat inhalation, smoke-inhalation
-onset is delayed
management
-high flow oxygen
-inhaled beta agonists for bronchospasm
respiratory system distress In pediatrics - ANSWER-characteristics
-abnormal breath sounds
-abnormal positioning
-retractions
-flaring
features to look for
-noisy breathing, snoring, crowing, grunting, or wheezing
-leaning forward while using the arms for support
-retractions above the collarbone or between the ribs
-flaring of the nostrils
most common pediatric injuries - ANSWER--falls
-MVC's
-auto-pedestrian or bicycle crashes
-burns
-drownings
-child abuse
Latest Updated
How to read blood pressure - ANSWER-Top number: systolic pressure (heart's
ventricles contract)
Bottom number: diastolic pressure (heart's ventricles are relaxed)
carotid pulse - ANSWER-the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of
the neck. Blood pressure is at least 60 systolic
femoral pulse - ANSWER-Pulse felt on either side of the groin; Femoral artery. blood
pressure is at least 70 systolic.
brachial pulse - ANSWER-the pulse felt in the upper arm. (often used for infants.)
radial pulse - ANSWER-the pulse felt at the wrist. blood pressure is at least 80 systolic.
pedal pulse - ANSWER-The pulse rate obtained on the top of the foot. blood pressure is
at least 90-100 systolic
types of shock - ANSWER-cardiogenic, neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic, hypovelimic,
obstructive(mechanical), insulin (pseudo)
shock - ANSWER-lack of perfusion at the cellular level
general signs and symptoms of shock - ANSWER--skin:pale, cool, diaphoretic
-anxiety
-impending doom
-altered LOC
-dilated pupils
-sustained tachycardia
-tachypnea
-decreased urine output
-thirst
-delayed capillary refill
general treatment in shock - ANSWER--high flow oxygen
-trendelenberg position
-keep warm
-load and go transport
,cardiogenic shock - ANSWER--most commingly caused by AMI
-other causes: Myocarditis, myocardial contusion
-"pump problem"
-decreased CO leads to hyperfusion
-heart begins to fail
cardiogenic shock treatment - ANSWER--standard shock treatment applies
-patient may not tolerate supine or trendelenberg position
-transport to cardiac facility critical
neurogenic shock - ANSWER-Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that
control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients
with spinal cord injuries.
-caused by-
-spinal cord injury above T6
-spinal anesthesia
-vasomotor center depression
-may take hours to appear
*symptoms*
-skin warm and dry
-bradycardia
-poikilothermia
septic shock - ANSWER-Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection.
-distributive type of shock
-due to infection that becomes systemic
-very common in icu setting
-patients often febrile
-antibiotics are needed to treat infection
-more gradual onset starting with SIRS
hypovolemic shock - ANSWER-shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
obstructive shock - ANSWER-Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in
the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body's tissues.
-tension pneumothorax
-pericardial tamponade
wheezes - ANSWER-continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during
breathing when bronchioles restrict.
Rhonchi - ANSWER-Rattling noise of mucous in the lungs and upper airway
fine rales - ANSWER-same as course rales but is more low pitched and cracky
, Course Rales - ANSWER-when you get fluid in lungs; sounds fluid and crackly
stridor - ANSWER-strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by
obstruction in the pharynx or larynx. sounds like whale. inventory is above vocal chords,
expiatory is below.
CO posioning - ANSWER-hypoxia due to hemoglobin binding
symptoms
-altered LOC
-cherry-red skin color or cyanosis
-progressive cardiac hypoxia
management
-remove from source
-high-flow oxygen
-LOC: intubation, ventilation
-hyperbaric chamber
Inhalation injuries - ANSWER--Burn related deaths >50%
-mechanism- confined space or entrapment
-classifications- carbon monoxide poisoning, heat inhalation, smoke-inhalation
-onset is delayed
management
-high flow oxygen
-inhaled beta agonists for bronchospasm
respiratory system distress In pediatrics - ANSWER-characteristics
-abnormal breath sounds
-abnormal positioning
-retractions
-flaring
features to look for
-noisy breathing, snoring, crowing, grunting, or wheezing
-leaning forward while using the arms for support
-retractions above the collarbone or between the ribs
-flaring of the nostrils
most common pediatric injuries - ANSWER--falls
-MVC's
-auto-pedestrian or bicycle crashes
-burns
-drownings
-child abuse
