with Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2026-
2027 Update.
Emotions - Answer brief, specific psychological and physiological responses that help humans
meet goals
primary appraisal - Answer unconscious, fast, automatic reactions to situations (like or
dislike)
secondary appraisal - Answer conscious, slower, more deliberate (anger/fear/disgust)
six universal emotions - Answer happiness, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, fear (All Dogs
Feel Some Special Happiness)
Duchenne Smile - Answer a "real" smile - muscles around the eye contracts, upper cheek
raises, pouch under the lower eyelid
affect valuation theory - Answer cultures differ in the emotions they value/idealize in
accordance with cultural values
display rules - Answer cultural rules that govern how, when, and to whom people express
emotion
emotional intelligence (EQ) - Answer ability to express recognize, and use emotions well
within social interactions
4 skills of EQ - Answer 1. ability to accurately perceive others' emotions, 2. ability to
understand one's own emotions, 3. ability to use current feelings to help make good decisions,
4. ability to manage one's emotions to fit the situation appropriately
Darwin's 3 Hypotheses - Answer 1. emotion is universal, 2. our expressions are similar to
other primates, 3. emotions are encoded, not learned
oxytocin - Answer hormone and neurotransmitter
top down processing - Answer information is filtere and interpreted based on schema
information, then a decision is made (more stereotypes)
, Bottom up processing - Answer information is taken from the senses, put together, and then
a decision is made (less stereotypes)
broaden and build hypothesis - Answer positive emotions broaden thought and action
repertoires, helping people build social resources
morality - Answer regulating behavior to fit into society
social intuitionist model of moral judgement - Answer people have automatic emotional
reactions to moral situations
moral foundations theory - Answer five evolved, universal moral domains in which specific
emotions guide moral judgements
5 moral pillars - Answer care/harm, fairness/cheating, loyalty/betrayal, authority/subversion,
purity/degradation
three determinants of emotions - Answer peak, end, duration neglect (i.e. how painful you
remember something depends on how painful it was at it's most painful moment and how
painful it was at the end, not how long it lasted)
affective forecasting - Answer predicting future emotional states and their duration
immune neglect - Answer tendency to underestimate our resilience during negative life
events
focalism - Answer tendency to focus on only one aspect of an experience or event when
trying to predict future emotions
what makes people happy - Answer age + gender = irelevant, money only to a certain point
(~$75,000), social relationships are the most powerful
ABC of attitudes - Answer Affect, Behavior, Cognition
affect - Answer emotional reactions to an attitude object
behavior - Answer knowledge about interactions with an attitude object