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The first effective biological treatments for mental illness appeared -
ANSWER ✔✔in the 1930s (e.g.electroconvulsive therapy, drug-
induced convulsions).
the National Mental Health Act of 1946 was passed. - ANSWER
✔✔After WW II
the National Mental Health Act of 1946 resulted in the creation of -
ANSWER ✔✔the National Institute of Mental Health (Links to an
external site.) (NIMH). The Department of Veterans' Affairs also
established psychiatric hospitals and ambulatory clinics.
,The primary mode of delivery for mental illness through the 1950s was -
ANSWER ✔✔Inpatient care remained
However, the first medications targeting psychiatric disorders became
available in - ANSWER ✔✔The 1950's
Supported by the 1955 Congressional Commission on Mental Health
and Illness, and the new developments in pharmacologic, psychologic
and psychosocial treatments, - ANSWER ✔✔federal financial
assistance spurred development of community based outpatient facilities
and deinstitutionalization of a large proportion of previously
institutionalized individuals.
In the early 1960's, Congress passed the Mental Retardation Facilities
and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act. This resulted in
- ANSWER ✔✔federal support for community mental health services.
In the late 1970s, entitlement programs became accessible to the
mentally ill, including - ANSWER ✔✔Medicaid, Medicare,
Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Social Security, and Disability
Insurance.
the assumptions underlying deinstitutionalization proved erroneous.
These incorrect assumptions were: - ANSWER ✔✔Mental disorders
, lie on a quantitative continuum, with severe disorders not differing
qualitatively from lesser disorders.
Early intervention can prevent the development of major disorders.
The Wellstone-Domenici Parity Act of 2008 - ANSWER ✔✔advanced
the cause of insurance parity for mental health services.
barriers that curtail access to services: - ANSWER ✔✔Social
stigmatization. Some may feel personal and familiar shame and
embarrassment
Financial barriers
Persistent myths about treatability. Many of those who determine public
policy and establish guidelines for health insurance still view mental
illness as poorly defined, with diagnostic uncertainty and ineffective
treatments. In reality, mental disorders can now be diagnosed and
treated as precisely and effectively as other disorders.
Inadequate community-based resources
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