SURGERY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | COMPREHENSIVE SURGICAL
STUDY GUIDE
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Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
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,Extend elbow, flex shoulder How can you evaluate the biceps tendon?
30 Max abduction of the forelimb/shoulder should be __ degrees
Plantigrade stance; toes curled over What stance is expected with a full calcaneal tendon rupture? Partial?
Superficial digital flexor A dog presents with a slightly dropped hock and toes curled over; what tendon of the
calcaneal tendon is intact?
Medial buttress A dog with a chronic CCL tear has a bump on the medial aspect of the stifle/cranial tibia;
what is this?
Prevents cranial subluxation of the tibia in relation to the What are the functions (3) of the CCL?
AND
prevents excessive internal rotation
AND
prevents hyperextension of stifle/leg
Patella, lateral fabella, tibial tuberosity, fibular head When performing cranial drawer, where should you touch/anchor?
Pointer finger over patella and cranial tibia - flex hock and feel How is tibial thrust performed?
for tibial thrust
True (but more defined stop than CCL tear) True or false: Puppies up to 6mo old can have tibial thrust
True True or false: When the hock is bent 90 degrees, the calconeal tendon should be taut
Test for hip subluxation/laxity What is the Ortlani test?
Adduct limb while pushing femoral head up/toward
acetabular rim - then abduct and listen/feel for clunk
(usually done sedated)
Meniscal click - can come along with CCL tear but not A click is heard when a dog flexes its stifle; what is this?
definitive
,Wound protection from external contamination What are purposes for bandaging?
Promotion of healing by maintaining a moist environment
Control edema/exudate
Immobilization of injuries or surgical sites
Soft padded bandages What are the 3 main types of bandages?
Splint bandages
Tie over bandages
Support, immobilization, or postop care What is the purpose of a modified robert jones bandage?
Original is more rigid while modified is more flexible and What is different between a robert jones bandage and modified robert jones?
adaptable
Contact - direct wound contact and protection, manages What is the primary layer of a modified robert jone's bandage? What is its purpose?
wound exudate, and provides antimicrobial protection
ex) Telfa pad on excision with minimal exudate or hydrogel if
more absorption needed
Padding, absorption, and mild compression What is the secondary layer of a modified robert jone's bandage? What is its purpose?
Cotton cast padding
Wrinkles can cause pressure sores What are potential issues of an improperly applied secondary layer of a modified robert
Uneven applications can cause improper limb alignment or jone's bandage?
bandage slippage
Too much bulk, restricting movement and discomfort
Bottom leaves 2 toes wrapped but visible You are making a modified robert jone's bandage for a RU fracture repair; how long
Up to at least above the elbow olecranon should the bandage be?
Compression and bandage containment, holds secondary What is the tertiary layer of a modified robert jone's bandage? What is its purpose?
layer in place, and overall bandage stability
Cling/gauze rolls
Protection and additional support, protects inner layers from What is the outer layer of a modified robert jone's bandage? What is its purpose?
external contamination
Vet wrap
, Distal to proximal In what direction should a modified robert jones bandage be wrapped?
Over cling (secondary layer) with another layer of cling on top Where can you include a splint in a modified robert jone's bandage?
Wet, slips, suddenly bother dog, toes splaying out What bandages should be changed asap?
Swelling of exposed toes, discoloration/coolness of exposed What are indications of a complication with a modified robert jones bandage?
skin, foul odor/discharge, discomfort, reluctance to use limb
At least weekly (up to daily for wounds) How often should a modified robert jones bandage be removed, checked, and
replaced?
Methadone, hydromorphone, fentanyl, morphine What are commonly used full mu opioids?
Function ileus (causing constipation and inappetence), What are possible side effects of full mu opioids?
panting, vomiting, bradycardia, hyperthermia, excitement,
urinary retention (epidural)
hyper (especially buprenorphine) Opioids can cause _______thermia
Cause function ileus, constipation, and inappetance How do opioids affect the GI tract?
Pyrexia = Catheter phlebitis, aspiration pneumonia, incision What are causes of pyrexia/hyperthermia postop?
infection
Hyperthermia = drugs like opioids
Hydromorphone Is morphine or hydromorphone more potent?
Brachycaphalics and brain patients (vomiting), and anxious What dogs should hydromorphine not be used in?
dogs (aerophagia)
Epidural What is the most common use of morphine?
Not commonly used systemically
Methadone This full mu opioids lasts 3-4hrs, is also an NMDA antagonist (potentially beneficial for
chronic pain), and is less excitatory in cats
ANSWERS | COMPREHENSIVE SURGICAL
STUDY GUIDE
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep
,Extend elbow, flex shoulder How can you evaluate the biceps tendon?
30 Max abduction of the forelimb/shoulder should be __ degrees
Plantigrade stance; toes curled over What stance is expected with a full calcaneal tendon rupture? Partial?
Superficial digital flexor A dog presents with a slightly dropped hock and toes curled over; what tendon of the
calcaneal tendon is intact?
Medial buttress A dog with a chronic CCL tear has a bump on the medial aspect of the stifle/cranial tibia;
what is this?
Prevents cranial subluxation of the tibia in relation to the What are the functions (3) of the CCL?
AND
prevents excessive internal rotation
AND
prevents hyperextension of stifle/leg
Patella, lateral fabella, tibial tuberosity, fibular head When performing cranial drawer, where should you touch/anchor?
Pointer finger over patella and cranial tibia - flex hock and feel How is tibial thrust performed?
for tibial thrust
True (but more defined stop than CCL tear) True or false: Puppies up to 6mo old can have tibial thrust
True True or false: When the hock is bent 90 degrees, the calconeal tendon should be taut
Test for hip subluxation/laxity What is the Ortlani test?
Adduct limb while pushing femoral head up/toward
acetabular rim - then abduct and listen/feel for clunk
(usually done sedated)
Meniscal click - can come along with CCL tear but not A click is heard when a dog flexes its stifle; what is this?
definitive
,Wound protection from external contamination What are purposes for bandaging?
Promotion of healing by maintaining a moist environment
Control edema/exudate
Immobilization of injuries or surgical sites
Soft padded bandages What are the 3 main types of bandages?
Splint bandages
Tie over bandages
Support, immobilization, or postop care What is the purpose of a modified robert jones bandage?
Original is more rigid while modified is more flexible and What is different between a robert jones bandage and modified robert jones?
adaptable
Contact - direct wound contact and protection, manages What is the primary layer of a modified robert jone's bandage? What is its purpose?
wound exudate, and provides antimicrobial protection
ex) Telfa pad on excision with minimal exudate or hydrogel if
more absorption needed
Padding, absorption, and mild compression What is the secondary layer of a modified robert jone's bandage? What is its purpose?
Cotton cast padding
Wrinkles can cause pressure sores What are potential issues of an improperly applied secondary layer of a modified robert
Uneven applications can cause improper limb alignment or jone's bandage?
bandage slippage
Too much bulk, restricting movement and discomfort
Bottom leaves 2 toes wrapped but visible You are making a modified robert jone's bandage for a RU fracture repair; how long
Up to at least above the elbow olecranon should the bandage be?
Compression and bandage containment, holds secondary What is the tertiary layer of a modified robert jone's bandage? What is its purpose?
layer in place, and overall bandage stability
Cling/gauze rolls
Protection and additional support, protects inner layers from What is the outer layer of a modified robert jone's bandage? What is its purpose?
external contamination
Vet wrap
, Distal to proximal In what direction should a modified robert jones bandage be wrapped?
Over cling (secondary layer) with another layer of cling on top Where can you include a splint in a modified robert jone's bandage?
Wet, slips, suddenly bother dog, toes splaying out What bandages should be changed asap?
Swelling of exposed toes, discoloration/coolness of exposed What are indications of a complication with a modified robert jones bandage?
skin, foul odor/discharge, discomfort, reluctance to use limb
At least weekly (up to daily for wounds) How often should a modified robert jones bandage be removed, checked, and
replaced?
Methadone, hydromorphone, fentanyl, morphine What are commonly used full mu opioids?
Function ileus (causing constipation and inappetence), What are possible side effects of full mu opioids?
panting, vomiting, bradycardia, hyperthermia, excitement,
urinary retention (epidural)
hyper (especially buprenorphine) Opioids can cause _______thermia
Cause function ileus, constipation, and inappetance How do opioids affect the GI tract?
Pyrexia = Catheter phlebitis, aspiration pneumonia, incision What are causes of pyrexia/hyperthermia postop?
infection
Hyperthermia = drugs like opioids
Hydromorphone Is morphine or hydromorphone more potent?
Brachycaphalics and brain patients (vomiting), and anxious What dogs should hydromorphine not be used in?
dogs (aerophagia)
Epidural What is the most common use of morphine?
Not commonly used systemically
Methadone This full mu opioids lasts 3-4hrs, is also an NMDA antagonist (potentially beneficial for
chronic pain), and is less excitatory in cats
