MARYVILLE PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAMS ALL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Placental membranes - ✔✔allows passage of drugs by simple diffusion
✔✔Blood Brain Barrier - ✔✔the network of tightly packed capillary cells that separates
the blood and the brain
*narcotics and analgesics can pass the BBB
✔✔biotransformation - ✔✔*metabolism
*The drug has been absorbed and distributed not it needs to work. This refers to the
process of changing a drug to a metabolite.
*increased water solubility and decresed lipid solubility
✔✔Prodrug - ✔✔A drug that is inactive in its given form and must be metabolized to its
active form in the body, generally by the liver, to be effective.
✔✔What factors are associated with clinical judgement when rx-ing a medication? -
✔✔*thorough assessment of the pt and pt environment
*the determination of medical and nursing dx
* review of potential therapies (specific knowledge about the drug and the disease
process it is designed to treat)
, *best therapy is generally the least envasive, least expensive, and least likely to cause
adverse rxns
✔✔What are criteria for choosing an effective drug? - ✔✔*consult nationally recognized
guidelines (JNC 7, SPE, etc)
*consider special populations and adjustments may need to be made based on this
✔✔black box warning - ✔✔A type of warning that appears in a drug's prescribing
information and is required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to alert
prescribers of serious adverse events that have occurred with the given drug.
✔✔Half Life - ✔✔*the amount of time it takes for an administered drug to be halfway
cleared from the system
*takes 4-5 times a half life for drug serum concentration to reach steady state
*helps determine times of dosing
determines if there is a need for a loading dose
✔✔Amiodarone - ✔✔*antidysrhytmic
*have a half life of 58 days
*usually started with a loading dose to achieved the desired effect more quickly
✔✔Steady State - ✔✔*refers to when the overall intake of a drug is fairly in dynamic
equilibrium with its elimination
*generally considered that steady state is reached when the time of 4-5 half lives for a
drug after regular dosing is started.
✔✔Onset of action - ✔✔the time between drug administration and minimum
concentration of a drug to produce an effect
*This is the first sign of a therapeutic effect, but not the best sign.
✔✔peak of action - ✔✔the time between drug administration and maximum
concentration of drug in the blood stream.
*Best therapeutic effect.
✔✔duration of action - ✔✔the time between onset of action and metabolism of the drug
below the minimum needed for an effect.
*The length of time you have the drug in your system.
✔✔On the drug concentration curve what is the first sign of a therapeutic action? -
✔✔the onset of action
✔✔Efficacy - ✔✔the ability to produce a desired or intended result
✔✔intrinsic activity - ✔✔ability of a drug to activate a receptor upon binding
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Placental membranes - ✔✔allows passage of drugs by simple diffusion
✔✔Blood Brain Barrier - ✔✔the network of tightly packed capillary cells that separates
the blood and the brain
*narcotics and analgesics can pass the BBB
✔✔biotransformation - ✔✔*metabolism
*The drug has been absorbed and distributed not it needs to work. This refers to the
process of changing a drug to a metabolite.
*increased water solubility and decresed lipid solubility
✔✔Prodrug - ✔✔A drug that is inactive in its given form and must be metabolized to its
active form in the body, generally by the liver, to be effective.
✔✔What factors are associated with clinical judgement when rx-ing a medication? -
✔✔*thorough assessment of the pt and pt environment
*the determination of medical and nursing dx
* review of potential therapies (specific knowledge about the drug and the disease
process it is designed to treat)
, *best therapy is generally the least envasive, least expensive, and least likely to cause
adverse rxns
✔✔What are criteria for choosing an effective drug? - ✔✔*consult nationally recognized
guidelines (JNC 7, SPE, etc)
*consider special populations and adjustments may need to be made based on this
✔✔black box warning - ✔✔A type of warning that appears in a drug's prescribing
information and is required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to alert
prescribers of serious adverse events that have occurred with the given drug.
✔✔Half Life - ✔✔*the amount of time it takes for an administered drug to be halfway
cleared from the system
*takes 4-5 times a half life for drug serum concentration to reach steady state
*helps determine times of dosing
determines if there is a need for a loading dose
✔✔Amiodarone - ✔✔*antidysrhytmic
*have a half life of 58 days
*usually started with a loading dose to achieved the desired effect more quickly
✔✔Steady State - ✔✔*refers to when the overall intake of a drug is fairly in dynamic
equilibrium with its elimination
*generally considered that steady state is reached when the time of 4-5 half lives for a
drug after regular dosing is started.
✔✔Onset of action - ✔✔the time between drug administration and minimum
concentration of a drug to produce an effect
*This is the first sign of a therapeutic effect, but not the best sign.
✔✔peak of action - ✔✔the time between drug administration and maximum
concentration of drug in the blood stream.
*Best therapeutic effect.
✔✔duration of action - ✔✔the time between onset of action and metabolism of the drug
below the minimum needed for an effect.
*The length of time you have the drug in your system.
✔✔On the drug concentration curve what is the first sign of a therapeutic action? -
✔✔the onset of action
✔✔Efficacy - ✔✔the ability to produce a desired or intended result
✔✔intrinsic activity - ✔✔ability of a drug to activate a receptor upon binding
