MARYVILLE PHARMACOLOGY REVIEW EXAMS
SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Purpose of peak and trough level - ✔✔To determine if the drug is in therapeutic
range. Which refers to either the dosage range or blood plasma or serum concentration
usually expected to achieve desired therapeutic effects. Some patients require doses or
concentrations above or below this range. Some patients will experience drug toxicity
within this range. Used for dosing purposes.
✔✔FDA has the authority to: - ✔✔The FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting
public health through the regulation and supervision of:
*food safety
*tobacco products
*prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceutical drugs
*vaccines
*biopharmaceuticals
*blood transfusions
*medical devices
*electromagnetic radiation emitting devices
*cosmetics
*animal foods
*veterinary products. The FDA collects medication and monitors safety of drugs via
post-marketing surveillance by the Medwatch program, it also determines the official
, labeling for all prescription and over-the-counter medications, it does not have any
regulation over herbal supplements.
✔✔Off label prescribing - ✔✔the use of pharmaceutical drugs for an unapproved
indication or an unapproved age group, dosage or route of administration. Both
prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs can be used in off-label ways, although
most studies of off-label use focus on prescription drugs. Off-label use is generally legal
unless it violates ethical guidelines for safety regulations.
✔✔What factors place an infant and child at risk when prescribing medication? -
✔✔*lack of safety and efficacy studies in the pediatric population
*Adverse drug reactions are most common in this age group.
*Meds are weight based. *Kids do not have a fully mature liver and renal function
*are at higher risk for toxicity and adverse drug effects.
✔✔What ADRs are the elderly at risk of developing? - ✔✔-polypharmacy
-Increased proportion of body fat (increased storage of fat soluble drugs)
-increased cardiovascular effects
-decreased metabolism in teh liver
-decreased renal function
-increased effect of drugs on the CNS
✔✔What are the adverse drug reactions related to special populations? - ✔✔genetics,
age, gender, drug interactions, and medical conditions
✔✔Which medications interact with St. John's Wort? - ✔✔SSRI antidepressants,
warfarin, and birth control. Combining St. John's Wort and SSRI antidepressants, could
lead to an increased serotonin level causing serotonin syndrome. Combining estrogen
containing oral contraceptives with St. John's Wort can lead to a decreased efficacy of
the contraceptive and eventually unplanned pregnancies. It is also known to decrease
the efficacy of HIV medications, cholesterol medications, as well as transplant
medications. It should be noted however that traditional SSRI antidepressants such as
fluoxetine carry similar contraindications. Use nonjudgmental approach so they tell u
what herbs they take. Tricyclics and SJW can increase the risk for serotonin syndrome.
✔✔Doxazosin - ✔✔-an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor blocker that inhibits the binding of
norepinephrine released from sympathetic nerve terminals to the alpha 1 receptors in
the membrane of vascular smooth muscle cells
-the primary effect of this inhibition is relaxed vascular smooth muscle tone or
vasodilation, which decreases peripheral vascular resistance leading to decrease blood
pressure.
-is used to treat high blood pressure and urinary retention associated with benign
prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Doxazosin also shows potential for treatment of benign
prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction. Doxazosin has shown some efficacy in in
SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Purpose of peak and trough level - ✔✔To determine if the drug is in therapeutic
range. Which refers to either the dosage range or blood plasma or serum concentration
usually expected to achieve desired therapeutic effects. Some patients require doses or
concentrations above or below this range. Some patients will experience drug toxicity
within this range. Used for dosing purposes.
✔✔FDA has the authority to: - ✔✔The FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting
public health through the regulation and supervision of:
*food safety
*tobacco products
*prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceutical drugs
*vaccines
*biopharmaceuticals
*blood transfusions
*medical devices
*electromagnetic radiation emitting devices
*cosmetics
*animal foods
*veterinary products. The FDA collects medication and monitors safety of drugs via
post-marketing surveillance by the Medwatch program, it also determines the official
, labeling for all prescription and over-the-counter medications, it does not have any
regulation over herbal supplements.
✔✔Off label prescribing - ✔✔the use of pharmaceutical drugs for an unapproved
indication or an unapproved age group, dosage or route of administration. Both
prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs can be used in off-label ways, although
most studies of off-label use focus on prescription drugs. Off-label use is generally legal
unless it violates ethical guidelines for safety regulations.
✔✔What factors place an infant and child at risk when prescribing medication? -
✔✔*lack of safety and efficacy studies in the pediatric population
*Adverse drug reactions are most common in this age group.
*Meds are weight based. *Kids do not have a fully mature liver and renal function
*are at higher risk for toxicity and adverse drug effects.
✔✔What ADRs are the elderly at risk of developing? - ✔✔-polypharmacy
-Increased proportion of body fat (increased storage of fat soluble drugs)
-increased cardiovascular effects
-decreased metabolism in teh liver
-decreased renal function
-increased effect of drugs on the CNS
✔✔What are the adverse drug reactions related to special populations? - ✔✔genetics,
age, gender, drug interactions, and medical conditions
✔✔Which medications interact with St. John's Wort? - ✔✔SSRI antidepressants,
warfarin, and birth control. Combining St. John's Wort and SSRI antidepressants, could
lead to an increased serotonin level causing serotonin syndrome. Combining estrogen
containing oral contraceptives with St. John's Wort can lead to a decreased efficacy of
the contraceptive and eventually unplanned pregnancies. It is also known to decrease
the efficacy of HIV medications, cholesterol medications, as well as transplant
medications. It should be noted however that traditional SSRI antidepressants such as
fluoxetine carry similar contraindications. Use nonjudgmental approach so they tell u
what herbs they take. Tricyclics and SJW can increase the risk for serotonin syndrome.
✔✔Doxazosin - ✔✔-an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor blocker that inhibits the binding of
norepinephrine released from sympathetic nerve terminals to the alpha 1 receptors in
the membrane of vascular smooth muscle cells
-the primary effect of this inhibition is relaxed vascular smooth muscle tone or
vasodilation, which decreases peripheral vascular resistance leading to decrease blood
pressure.
-is used to treat high blood pressure and urinary retention associated with benign
prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Doxazosin also shows potential for treatment of benign
prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction. Doxazosin has shown some efficacy in in
