BIOLOGY 101 EXAM 4 2026 ECOLOGY
AND ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE
ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS
FINAL STUDY GUIDE
◉ Which of the following is a true statement about Charles Darwin
Answer: Charles Darwin proposed natural selection as the
mechanism of evolution.
◉ Which of the following is a true statement about Alfred Russel
Wallace
Answer: He became known as the father of biogeography
-some argue that Alfred should be given primary credit over Darwin
for discovering the theory of evolution by means of natural selection
-he developed a theory of evolution by means of natural selection.
◉ natural selection
Answer: A process in which individuals that have certain inherited
traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other
individuals because of those traits.
,◉ Fossils are most likely to be found in
Answer: sedimentary rock
◉ Animals that possess homologous structures
Answer: Have common ancestry, evolved from the same ancestor
◉ The approach to evolution that involves the study of structures
during organismal development is known as the study of
Answer: Developmental biology?
◉ The similarity of early fish, frog, bird, and human embryos is
evidence for
Answer: Common ancestry
◉ Evidence from molecular biology supports the theory of evolution
by showing that
Answer: Closely related organisms have more similar DNA and
proteins
◉ In natural selection. Determines which phenotypes are successful
Answer: Current conditions in the local environment
, ◉ changes in allele frequencies and large-scale evolutionary changes
in organisms are really the same thing in terms of the underlined
processes. The differences in the timescale during which changes
occur, with large-scale changes taking a lot longer, and the number
of mutations occurring during that time. True or false
Answer: False?
◉ Assume there are two varieties of mice living on an island, one
was brown and one with grey fur. They are prey for Hawks on the
islands. Which of the following is predicted by natural selection.
Answer: because Brown mice blend better with the ground and gray
mice blend with the rocks, these are the ones that will be missed by
the Hawks and the mouse distribution will tend to indicate this
◉ which of the following statements most closely agrees with the
theory of evolution by means of natural selection as put forth by
Darwin and Wallace
Answer: Organisms better adapted to their immediate environment
are most likely to survive and reproduce
◉ "natural selection" and "evolution" are terms that are sometimes
confused, even by freshman biology students. What is the relation
between natural selection and evolution?
Answer: Natural selection is one of several mechanisms of evolution.
AND ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE
ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS
FINAL STUDY GUIDE
◉ Which of the following is a true statement about Charles Darwin
Answer: Charles Darwin proposed natural selection as the
mechanism of evolution.
◉ Which of the following is a true statement about Alfred Russel
Wallace
Answer: He became known as the father of biogeography
-some argue that Alfred should be given primary credit over Darwin
for discovering the theory of evolution by means of natural selection
-he developed a theory of evolution by means of natural selection.
◉ natural selection
Answer: A process in which individuals that have certain inherited
traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other
individuals because of those traits.
,◉ Fossils are most likely to be found in
Answer: sedimentary rock
◉ Animals that possess homologous structures
Answer: Have common ancestry, evolved from the same ancestor
◉ The approach to evolution that involves the study of structures
during organismal development is known as the study of
Answer: Developmental biology?
◉ The similarity of early fish, frog, bird, and human embryos is
evidence for
Answer: Common ancestry
◉ Evidence from molecular biology supports the theory of evolution
by showing that
Answer: Closely related organisms have more similar DNA and
proteins
◉ In natural selection. Determines which phenotypes are successful
Answer: Current conditions in the local environment
, ◉ changes in allele frequencies and large-scale evolutionary changes
in organisms are really the same thing in terms of the underlined
processes. The differences in the timescale during which changes
occur, with large-scale changes taking a lot longer, and the number
of mutations occurring during that time. True or false
Answer: False?
◉ Assume there are two varieties of mice living on an island, one
was brown and one with grey fur. They are prey for Hawks on the
islands. Which of the following is predicted by natural selection.
Answer: because Brown mice blend better with the ground and gray
mice blend with the rocks, these are the ones that will be missed by
the Hawks and the mouse distribution will tend to indicate this
◉ which of the following statements most closely agrees with the
theory of evolution by means of natural selection as put forth by
Darwin and Wallace
Answer: Organisms better adapted to their immediate environment
are most likely to survive and reproduce
◉ "natural selection" and "evolution" are terms that are sometimes
confused, even by freshman biology students. What is the relation
between natural selection and evolution?
Answer: Natural selection is one of several mechanisms of evolution.
