BIOL 235 FINAL EXAM 2026 CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
SOLUTIONS GRADED A PLUS
◉ What happens during REVERSE MUSCLE ACTION?
Answer: specific movements of the body the actions are reversed
THEREFOR the positions of the origin and insertion of a muscle are
switched
◉ What is a mechanical advantage using the example of a lever?
Answer: if the load is closer to the fulcrum and the effort is farther
from the fulcrum only a small about of effort is needed to move the
load
◉ Bones serve as levers and joints serve as ________ for the lever
Answer: fulcrum
◉ Agonist (Prime Movers) _________ muscles while antagonist
____________ muscles
Answer: contract, relax
,◉ What are muscles that contract and stabilize the intermediate
joints called?
Answer: synergists
◉ What is a group of skeletal muscles, their blood vessels, and
nerves called?
Answer: Compartment
◉ Origin an insertion of the masseter
Answer: Origin = maxilla and zygomatic arch
Insertion = angle and ramus of the mandible
◉ What is the origin of the deltoid ?
Answer: acromial extremity of clavicle, acromion, and spine of
scapula
◉ What are the 3 muscles that make up the hamstring ?
Answer: semimebranosous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris
◉ What 4 muscles make up the Quads ?
Answer: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus
intermedialis
,◉ What do you call a small mass of nervous tissue that is made up
primarily of neuron cell bodies?
Answer: Ganglia
◉ The somatic nervous system only sends impulses to ________
muscles
Answer: skeletal
◉ Fight or Flight is associated with which division of the autonomic
nervous system?
Answer: Sympathetic
◉ What is the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an
action potential?
Answer: electrical excitability
◉ What type of neurons usually have several dendrite and on axon ,
and are norm ally found in brain and spinal cord as well as motor
neurons?
Answer: Multipolar
◉ What type of neurons have one main dendrite and one axon as
well as are primarily found in the retina of the eye, inner ear, and the
olfactory area of brain?
, Answer: Bipolar
◉ What type of neurons has dendrites and one axon that are fused
together to form a continuous process that emerges from the cell
body?
Answer: Unipolar or Pseudounipolar
◉ The processes of ________ make contact with blood capillaries,
neurons, and the pia mater
Answer: astrocytes
◉ What neuroglia has these functions?
1. contain microfilaments that give them strength and allow them to
support neurons
2. contributes to the effectiveness of BBB
3.in embyro, they secret chemicals that regulate things
4. help maintain an appropriate chemical environment for nerve
impulse generation
5. play a role in hearing and memory
Answer: Astrocytes
EVALUATION TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
SOLUTIONS GRADED A PLUS
◉ What happens during REVERSE MUSCLE ACTION?
Answer: specific movements of the body the actions are reversed
THEREFOR the positions of the origin and insertion of a muscle are
switched
◉ What is a mechanical advantage using the example of a lever?
Answer: if the load is closer to the fulcrum and the effort is farther
from the fulcrum only a small about of effort is needed to move the
load
◉ Bones serve as levers and joints serve as ________ for the lever
Answer: fulcrum
◉ Agonist (Prime Movers) _________ muscles while antagonist
____________ muscles
Answer: contract, relax
,◉ What are muscles that contract and stabilize the intermediate
joints called?
Answer: synergists
◉ What is a group of skeletal muscles, their blood vessels, and
nerves called?
Answer: Compartment
◉ Origin an insertion of the masseter
Answer: Origin = maxilla and zygomatic arch
Insertion = angle and ramus of the mandible
◉ What is the origin of the deltoid ?
Answer: acromial extremity of clavicle, acromion, and spine of
scapula
◉ What are the 3 muscles that make up the hamstring ?
Answer: semimebranosous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris
◉ What 4 muscles make up the Quads ?
Answer: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus
intermedialis
,◉ What do you call a small mass of nervous tissue that is made up
primarily of neuron cell bodies?
Answer: Ganglia
◉ The somatic nervous system only sends impulses to ________
muscles
Answer: skeletal
◉ Fight or Flight is associated with which division of the autonomic
nervous system?
Answer: Sympathetic
◉ What is the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an
action potential?
Answer: electrical excitability
◉ What type of neurons usually have several dendrite and on axon ,
and are norm ally found in brain and spinal cord as well as motor
neurons?
Answer: Multipolar
◉ What type of neurons have one main dendrite and one axon as
well as are primarily found in the retina of the eye, inner ear, and the
olfactory area of brain?
, Answer: Bipolar
◉ What type of neurons has dendrites and one axon that are fused
together to form a continuous process that emerges from the cell
body?
Answer: Unipolar or Pseudounipolar
◉ The processes of ________ make contact with blood capillaries,
neurons, and the pia mater
Answer: astrocytes
◉ What neuroglia has these functions?
1. contain microfilaments that give them strength and allow them to
support neurons
2. contributes to the effectiveness of BBB
3.in embyro, they secret chemicals that regulate things
4. help maintain an appropriate chemical environment for nerve
impulse generation
5. play a role in hearing and memory
Answer: Astrocytes
