ORTHOPEDIC LATEST 2026 EXAMINERS
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Luque rods are used for... - ✔✔Spinal deformities.
✔✔A dorsally angulated fracture of the distal radius is called a... - ✔✔Colles' fracture.
✔✔What condition would be a cause for the patient to undergo a total hip arthroplasty?
- ✔✔Osteoarthritis.
✔✔Femoral shaft fractures in an adult can be repaired by... - ✔✔Compression plating.
✔✔Colles' fracture is often treated by... - ✔✔Closed reduction.
✔✔Intertrochanteric fractures most often occur in which age population? - ✔✔Elderly.
✔✔A Neer prosthesis is used for repair of comminuted fractures of the... - ✔✔Humeral
head.
✔✔A fracture of the femoral shaft would require a... - ✔✔Hip spica cast.
,✔✔What procedure is performed to correct talipes valgus or talipes varus? - ✔✔Triple
arthrodesis.
✔✔What surgical instrument is used to prepare the drilled hole for the screw during an
ORIF? - ✔✔Tap.
✔✔Which type of laser is used to remove methyl methacrylate from a cemented joint
implant during a revision arthroplasty? - ✔✔Carbon dioxide.
✔✔What surgical procedure is performed to relieve pressure on the median nerve? -
✔✔Carpal tunnel release.
✔✔What specialized type of retractors is used during a rotator cuff repair that aids in
exposure of the surgical site? - ✔✔Bankart.
✔✔What item should be available during a total hip arthroplasty to be inserted into the
reamed femoral canal that will prevent methyl methacrylate from entering the medullary
canal? - ✔✔Cement restrictor.
✔✔What does Orthopedics mean? - ✔✔Straight Child: Ortho=straight, paithee=child
✔✔Orthopedics began with the treatment of crippled children by means of what 3
things? - ✔✔rest, braces, and exercise.
✔✔T or F: Orthopedic surgeons treat a large number of geriatric and pediatric patients.
- ✔✔True.
✔✔Why is orthopedic surgery done? - ✔✔To help treat degenerative diseases and
disabilities affecting the musculoskeletal system causing a loss of function and the
impaired activity of the aged.
✔✔The human body is composed of ______ bones. - ✔✔206; Axial (80) includes the
skull, vertebrae, and rib cage,
Appendicular (126) includes the appendages and pelvis. Upper extremity has 32 bones
while the lower extremity has 31 bones.
✔✔T or F: Bones are classified according to their shape. - ✔✔True.
✔✔Long bones - ✔✔Ex: femur, tibia, and humerus. Long bones consist of an epiphysis
and diaphysis. The ends of the long bones have thin plates of cartilage. This allows for
growth and elongationin childhood. In maturity, the ends are ossified and do not grow.
Boys will grow till age 25 and girls until their first menses.
, ✔✔Short bones - ✔✔Ex: metacarpals and metatarsals. Short bones are roughly cube
shaped and consist primarily of spongy bone which is covered by a thin layer of
compact bone.
✔✔Flat bones - ✔✔Bones of the skull and the scapula.
✔✔Irregular bones - ✔✔Vertebrae
✔✔Sesmoid bones - ✔✔Patellar
✔✔Cortex - ✔✔Outer hard connective tissue layer.
✔✔Cancellous - ✔✔Spongy middle layer.
✔✔Bone marrow - ✔✔Inner layer. Yellow: medullary canals, found in the shafts of long
bones. Red: Found in the ends of long bones, porosities of cancellous bones, skull,
sternum, and pelvis. The red marrow is responsible for erythropoiesis.
✔✔Periosteum - ✔✔Strong fibrous membrane that covers all of bone, except joints.
✔✔Blood supply of bone - ✔✔Innervation penetrates the periosteum through Volkmann
canals.
✔✔Endosteum - ✔✔Inner lining of bone similar to periosteum.
✔✔Haversian canals - ✔✔Provide weight bearing strength and passage for additional
blood supply.
✔✔Bone healing takes 5 steps. What are they? - ✔✔1) Inflammation 2) Cellular
proliferation 3) Callus formation 4) Ossification and 5) Remodeling.
✔✔What is the term for healing? - ✔✔Union.
✔✔Inflammation stage - ✔✔This stage begins at the time of injury and lasts
approximately two days. The fracture hematoma, which is a result of the extravasation
of blood caused by the injury, is formed during this time. The blood clot serves as a
foundation for the cellular proliferation phase.
✔✔Cellular proliferation stage - ✔✔Begins apporoximately on the second day following
the event. Macrophages debride the area and allow for the formation of a fibrin mesh
that seals the edges of the fracture site. This mesh forms as the foundation for capillary
and fibroblastic growth.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Luque rods are used for... - ✔✔Spinal deformities.
✔✔A dorsally angulated fracture of the distal radius is called a... - ✔✔Colles' fracture.
✔✔What condition would be a cause for the patient to undergo a total hip arthroplasty?
- ✔✔Osteoarthritis.
✔✔Femoral shaft fractures in an adult can be repaired by... - ✔✔Compression plating.
✔✔Colles' fracture is often treated by... - ✔✔Closed reduction.
✔✔Intertrochanteric fractures most often occur in which age population? - ✔✔Elderly.
✔✔A Neer prosthesis is used for repair of comminuted fractures of the... - ✔✔Humeral
head.
✔✔A fracture of the femoral shaft would require a... - ✔✔Hip spica cast.
,✔✔What procedure is performed to correct talipes valgus or talipes varus? - ✔✔Triple
arthrodesis.
✔✔What surgical instrument is used to prepare the drilled hole for the screw during an
ORIF? - ✔✔Tap.
✔✔Which type of laser is used to remove methyl methacrylate from a cemented joint
implant during a revision arthroplasty? - ✔✔Carbon dioxide.
✔✔What surgical procedure is performed to relieve pressure on the median nerve? -
✔✔Carpal tunnel release.
✔✔What specialized type of retractors is used during a rotator cuff repair that aids in
exposure of the surgical site? - ✔✔Bankart.
✔✔What item should be available during a total hip arthroplasty to be inserted into the
reamed femoral canal that will prevent methyl methacrylate from entering the medullary
canal? - ✔✔Cement restrictor.
✔✔What does Orthopedics mean? - ✔✔Straight Child: Ortho=straight, paithee=child
✔✔Orthopedics began with the treatment of crippled children by means of what 3
things? - ✔✔rest, braces, and exercise.
✔✔T or F: Orthopedic surgeons treat a large number of geriatric and pediatric patients.
- ✔✔True.
✔✔Why is orthopedic surgery done? - ✔✔To help treat degenerative diseases and
disabilities affecting the musculoskeletal system causing a loss of function and the
impaired activity of the aged.
✔✔The human body is composed of ______ bones. - ✔✔206; Axial (80) includes the
skull, vertebrae, and rib cage,
Appendicular (126) includes the appendages and pelvis. Upper extremity has 32 bones
while the lower extremity has 31 bones.
✔✔T or F: Bones are classified according to their shape. - ✔✔True.
✔✔Long bones - ✔✔Ex: femur, tibia, and humerus. Long bones consist of an epiphysis
and diaphysis. The ends of the long bones have thin plates of cartilage. This allows for
growth and elongationin childhood. In maturity, the ends are ossified and do not grow.
Boys will grow till age 25 and girls until their first menses.
, ✔✔Short bones - ✔✔Ex: metacarpals and metatarsals. Short bones are roughly cube
shaped and consist primarily of spongy bone which is covered by a thin layer of
compact bone.
✔✔Flat bones - ✔✔Bones of the skull and the scapula.
✔✔Irregular bones - ✔✔Vertebrae
✔✔Sesmoid bones - ✔✔Patellar
✔✔Cortex - ✔✔Outer hard connective tissue layer.
✔✔Cancellous - ✔✔Spongy middle layer.
✔✔Bone marrow - ✔✔Inner layer. Yellow: medullary canals, found in the shafts of long
bones. Red: Found in the ends of long bones, porosities of cancellous bones, skull,
sternum, and pelvis. The red marrow is responsible for erythropoiesis.
✔✔Periosteum - ✔✔Strong fibrous membrane that covers all of bone, except joints.
✔✔Blood supply of bone - ✔✔Innervation penetrates the periosteum through Volkmann
canals.
✔✔Endosteum - ✔✔Inner lining of bone similar to periosteum.
✔✔Haversian canals - ✔✔Provide weight bearing strength and passage for additional
blood supply.
✔✔Bone healing takes 5 steps. What are they? - ✔✔1) Inflammation 2) Cellular
proliferation 3) Callus formation 4) Ossification and 5) Remodeling.
✔✔What is the term for healing? - ✔✔Union.
✔✔Inflammation stage - ✔✔This stage begins at the time of injury and lasts
approximately two days. The fracture hematoma, which is a result of the extravasation
of blood caused by the injury, is formed during this time. The blood clot serves as a
foundation for the cellular proliferation phase.
✔✔Cellular proliferation stage - ✔✔Begins apporoximately on the second day following
the event. Macrophages debride the area and allow for the formation of a fibrin mesh
that seals the edges of the fracture site. This mesh forms as the foundation for capillary
and fibroblastic growth.
