MCPHS Anatomy & Physiology Exam
Questions And Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationale 2027 Q&A|
Instant Download Pdf
1. Which level of biological organization is composed of similar cells
performing a common function?
A. Organ
B. Organ system
C. Tissue
D. Organism
Answer: C. Tissue
Rationale: A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to
perform a specific function. Examples include epithelial, connective,
muscle, and nervous tissues. Organs consist of multiple tissue types,
while organ systems consist of multiple organs.
2. Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production?
,A. Ribosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondrion
D. Lysosome
Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: The mitochondrion is known as the "powerhouse of the cell"
because it generates ATP through aerobic cellular respiration. ATP
provides the energy needed for most cellular activities.
3. Which type of epithelial tissue is specialized for rapid diffusion?
A. Stratified squamous epithelium
B. Cuboidal epithelium
C. Transitional epithelium
D. Simple squamous epithelium
Answer: D. Simple squamous epithelium
Rationale: Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of thin,
flat cells that facilitates diffusion and filtration. It lines structures such
as alveoli and blood vessels.
, 4. Homeostasis refers to:
A. Growth of tissues
B. Cell division
C. Maintenance of a stable internal environment
D. Movement of blood
Answer: C. Maintenance of a stable internal environment
Rationale: Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain relatively
constant internal conditions despite external changes. Examples include
regulation of body temperature, blood glucose, and blood pressure.
5. Which body cavity contains the heart?
A. Abdominal cavity
B. Cranial cavity
C. Pelvic cavity
D. Thoracic cavity
Answer: D. Thoracic cavity
Rationale: The thoracic cavity houses the lungs and heart. Specifically,
the heart is enclosed within the pericardial cavity located in the
mediastinum.
, 6. Which connective tissue stores fat?
A. Bone
B. Cartilage
C. Blood
D. Adipose tissue
Answer: D. Adipose tissue
Rationale: Adipose tissue stores triglycerides, cushions organs, insulates
the body, and serves as an energy reserve.
7. The functional unit of the kidney is the:
A. Neuron
B. Osteon
C. Alveolus
D. Nephron
Answer: D. Nephron
Rationale: The nephron filters blood, removes wastes, and regulates
fluid and electrolyte balance. Each kidney contains approximately one
million nephrons.
Questions And Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationale 2027 Q&A|
Instant Download Pdf
1. Which level of biological organization is composed of similar cells
performing a common function?
A. Organ
B. Organ system
C. Tissue
D. Organism
Answer: C. Tissue
Rationale: A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to
perform a specific function. Examples include epithelial, connective,
muscle, and nervous tissues. Organs consist of multiple tissue types,
while organ systems consist of multiple organs.
2. Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production?
,A. Ribosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondrion
D. Lysosome
Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: The mitochondrion is known as the "powerhouse of the cell"
because it generates ATP through aerobic cellular respiration. ATP
provides the energy needed for most cellular activities.
3. Which type of epithelial tissue is specialized for rapid diffusion?
A. Stratified squamous epithelium
B. Cuboidal epithelium
C. Transitional epithelium
D. Simple squamous epithelium
Answer: D. Simple squamous epithelium
Rationale: Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of thin,
flat cells that facilitates diffusion and filtration. It lines structures such
as alveoli and blood vessels.
, 4. Homeostasis refers to:
A. Growth of tissues
B. Cell division
C. Maintenance of a stable internal environment
D. Movement of blood
Answer: C. Maintenance of a stable internal environment
Rationale: Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain relatively
constant internal conditions despite external changes. Examples include
regulation of body temperature, blood glucose, and blood pressure.
5. Which body cavity contains the heart?
A. Abdominal cavity
B. Cranial cavity
C. Pelvic cavity
D. Thoracic cavity
Answer: D. Thoracic cavity
Rationale: The thoracic cavity houses the lungs and heart. Specifically,
the heart is enclosed within the pericardial cavity located in the
mediastinum.
, 6. Which connective tissue stores fat?
A. Bone
B. Cartilage
C. Blood
D. Adipose tissue
Answer: D. Adipose tissue
Rationale: Adipose tissue stores triglycerides, cushions organs, insulates
the body, and serves as an energy reserve.
7. The functional unit of the kidney is the:
A. Neuron
B. Osteon
C. Alveolus
D. Nephron
Answer: D. Nephron
Rationale: The nephron filters blood, removes wastes, and regulates
fluid and electrolyte balance. Each kidney contains approximately one
million nephrons.
