PRITE Study Guide Questions with 100%
Correct Answers
What is abulia?
Lack of will, drive, or initiative for action, speech and thought
What is anterior cerebral artery stroke syndrome?
- Contralateral leg paresis
- Abulia, disinhibition, executive dysfunction
*In some cases, akinetic mutism, if bilateral caudate head infarction
What is middle cerebral artery stroke syndrome?
- Contralateral hemiparesis/sensory loss
- Homonymous hemianopia
- Dysarthria, aphasia, Alexia, agraphia, acalculia, apraxia
*If non-dominant side (right hemisphere) affected, patient may neglect the left side of
environment
What is posterior cerebral artery syndrome?
- Occipital lobe: contralateral homonymous hemianopia, cortical blindness
- Medial temporal lobe: long term and short term memory loss, behavioral alteration
(paranoia, agitation, anger)
- Thalamic infarct (decreased level of consciousness, memory impairment, executive
function, aphasia, contralateral sensory loss)
What is the presentation of midbrain stroke?
,- Ipsilateral 3rd nerve palsy
- Contralateral hemiparesis of the arm and leg, sometimes with hemiplegia of the face
- Contralateral hemiataxia
What is the presentation of pontine stroke?
- Horner's syndrome on ipsilateral side
- 6th and 7th nerve palsy (diplopia, weak face) on ipsilateral side
- Loss of pain and temperature sense on ipsilateral side
- Nystagmus, nausea
- Loss of sensation/weakness in leg/arm on contralateral side
What is the presentation of medullary stroke?
- Tongue weakness
- Sensory loss in face
- Horner's syndrome
- Palate weakness (dysphagia)
What is lacunar stroke syndromes?
- Pure motor stroke: posterior limb of the internal capsule (stuttering over hours to days)
- Pure sensory stroke: thalamic infarction
- Sensorimotor stroke: junction between thalamus and internal capsule
- Ataxic hemiparesis: infarction in the corona radiate (ataxia is unilateral)
- Clumsy hand-dysarthria: pons (sometimes corona radiate and internal capsule) infarction
What is the most common comorbidity in a patient with an anxiety disorder?
Another anxiety disorder
What are the most common causes of copper deficiency?
,Gastric bypass surgery and zinc toxicity
What is the presentation of copper deficiency?
Hematological consequences: myelodysplasia, anemia, low white blood cell count
Neurological consequences: sensory ataxia, spasticity, muscle weakness, damage to
peripheral nerves, myelopathy and rarely optic neuropathy
How does vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) present?
- Caused by pyridoxine-inactivating drugs such as isoniazid, protein-energy undernutrition,
malabsorption, alcoholism, or excessive loss
- Deficiency can cause peripheral neuropathy, seborrheic dermatitis, glossitis, and cheilosis.
In adults, depression, confusion and seizures are typical
What statistic variable measures the magnitude of difference between two intervention
groups?
Effect size
What is ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency?
Inherited disorder that causes ammonia to accumulate in the blood
- Ammonia, which is formed when proteins are broken down in the body, is toxic if the levels
become too high
What is MECP2? What disorder does it cause?
- It is a methylated DNA binding protein. It binds to methylated to DNA and removes
acytlase.
- In females it causes Rett syndrome.
, - Cause an extremely variably expressed syndrome featuring cognitive impairment and other
CNS features in males (MECP2 duplication syndrome: severe intellectual disability and
impaired motor function)
What is cluster A personality disorders?
Characterized by odd, eccentric thinking or behavior
- Paranoid personality disorder
- Schizoid personality disorder
- Schizotypal personality disorder
What is cluster B personality disorders?
Characterized by dramatic, overly emotional or unpredictable thinking or behavior
- Antisocial personality disorder
- Borderline personality disorder
- Histrionic personality disorder
- Narcissistic personality disorder
How is empathy distinguished from identification?
Retaining objectivity in the relationship
What is cumulative incidence?
Number of new cases/number of people at risk in population
What is point prevalence?
A particular INSTANCE in time....Who has the disease over who is at risk.
What is lifetime prevalence?
Correct Answers
What is abulia?
Lack of will, drive, or initiative for action, speech and thought
What is anterior cerebral artery stroke syndrome?
- Contralateral leg paresis
- Abulia, disinhibition, executive dysfunction
*In some cases, akinetic mutism, if bilateral caudate head infarction
What is middle cerebral artery stroke syndrome?
- Contralateral hemiparesis/sensory loss
- Homonymous hemianopia
- Dysarthria, aphasia, Alexia, agraphia, acalculia, apraxia
*If non-dominant side (right hemisphere) affected, patient may neglect the left side of
environment
What is posterior cerebral artery syndrome?
- Occipital lobe: contralateral homonymous hemianopia, cortical blindness
- Medial temporal lobe: long term and short term memory loss, behavioral alteration
(paranoia, agitation, anger)
- Thalamic infarct (decreased level of consciousness, memory impairment, executive
function, aphasia, contralateral sensory loss)
What is the presentation of midbrain stroke?
,- Ipsilateral 3rd nerve palsy
- Contralateral hemiparesis of the arm and leg, sometimes with hemiplegia of the face
- Contralateral hemiataxia
What is the presentation of pontine stroke?
- Horner's syndrome on ipsilateral side
- 6th and 7th nerve palsy (diplopia, weak face) on ipsilateral side
- Loss of pain and temperature sense on ipsilateral side
- Nystagmus, nausea
- Loss of sensation/weakness in leg/arm on contralateral side
What is the presentation of medullary stroke?
- Tongue weakness
- Sensory loss in face
- Horner's syndrome
- Palate weakness (dysphagia)
What is lacunar stroke syndromes?
- Pure motor stroke: posterior limb of the internal capsule (stuttering over hours to days)
- Pure sensory stroke: thalamic infarction
- Sensorimotor stroke: junction between thalamus and internal capsule
- Ataxic hemiparesis: infarction in the corona radiate (ataxia is unilateral)
- Clumsy hand-dysarthria: pons (sometimes corona radiate and internal capsule) infarction
What is the most common comorbidity in a patient with an anxiety disorder?
Another anxiety disorder
What are the most common causes of copper deficiency?
,Gastric bypass surgery and zinc toxicity
What is the presentation of copper deficiency?
Hematological consequences: myelodysplasia, anemia, low white blood cell count
Neurological consequences: sensory ataxia, spasticity, muscle weakness, damage to
peripheral nerves, myelopathy and rarely optic neuropathy
How does vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) present?
- Caused by pyridoxine-inactivating drugs such as isoniazid, protein-energy undernutrition,
malabsorption, alcoholism, or excessive loss
- Deficiency can cause peripheral neuropathy, seborrheic dermatitis, glossitis, and cheilosis.
In adults, depression, confusion and seizures are typical
What statistic variable measures the magnitude of difference between two intervention
groups?
Effect size
What is ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency?
Inherited disorder that causes ammonia to accumulate in the blood
- Ammonia, which is formed when proteins are broken down in the body, is toxic if the levels
become too high
What is MECP2? What disorder does it cause?
- It is a methylated DNA binding protein. It binds to methylated to DNA and removes
acytlase.
- In females it causes Rett syndrome.
, - Cause an extremely variably expressed syndrome featuring cognitive impairment and other
CNS features in males (MECP2 duplication syndrome: severe intellectual disability and
impaired motor function)
What is cluster A personality disorders?
Characterized by odd, eccentric thinking or behavior
- Paranoid personality disorder
- Schizoid personality disorder
- Schizotypal personality disorder
What is cluster B personality disorders?
Characterized by dramatic, overly emotional or unpredictable thinking or behavior
- Antisocial personality disorder
- Borderline personality disorder
- Histrionic personality disorder
- Narcissistic personality disorder
How is empathy distinguished from identification?
Retaining objectivity in the relationship
What is cumulative incidence?
Number of new cases/number of people at risk in population
What is point prevalence?
A particular INSTANCE in time....Who has the disease over who is at risk.
What is lifetime prevalence?
