Examl 1:l NSG530/l NSGl 530l (NEWl 2025/l
2026l Update)l Advancedl Pathophysiologyl
Review|l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Wilkes
QUESTION
whatl isl thel 1stl linel ofl defense?
Answer:
-l innatel immunityl (presentl @l birth)
-l includesl naturall barriersl (physical-skin,l biochemicall enzymes,l microbe-el coli)
-l toll-likel receptorsl (TLR)l innatel responsel tol pathogens
-l T&B
QUESTION
whatl isl thel 2ndl linel ofl defense?
Answer:
-l inflammationl occursl inl vascularizedl tissue
-l acutel inflammatoryl response
-l chronicl inflammation
-l woundl healing
QUESTION
whatl isl anl acutel inflammatoryl response?
Answer:
-l injuryl orl invasionl (1stl response)
-l mastl cellsl mostl importantl mediatorsl ofl inflammationl (degranulation)
-l activationl ofl plasmal systemsl &l releasel ofl celll products
)
,-l leukocytes
QUESTION
whatl arel leukocytes?
Answer:
-l defenders
QUESTION
whol arel 1stl responders?
Answer:
-l neutrophils
QUESTION
whol arel thel "killerl cells"?
Answer:
-l lymphocytes
QUESTION
whenl doesl chronicl inflammationl occurl with?
Answer:
-l persistencel ofl infection,l anl antigenl orl foreignl body
QUESTION
,whatl arel toll-likel receptors?l wherel arel theyl found?
Answer:
-l foundl onl celll surface/plasmal membranel (outerl membranel ofl phagocyticl cells)
-l mainl contributorl tol innatel immunity
-l playl importantl rolel inl defense
-l detectl pathogens,l virall &l bacteriall RNAl &l DNA
-l earlyl contactl withl infectiousl microorganisms
QUESTION
whatl isl humorall immunity?
Answer:
-l antigensl &l antibodiesl bindl withl memories
QUESTION
whatl isl anotherl namel forl anl antibody?
Answer:
-l immunoglobulinl (Ig)
QUESTION
whatl isl IgE?
Answer:
-l responsel tol environmentall antigens,l allergies
QUESTION
whatl isl IgGl &l IgM?
, Answer:
-l elevatedl inl tissuel specificl
-l IgMl responsel tol anl activel infectionl 1stl responsel tol viral,l testl forl activel orl recoveringl
covid
QUESTION
whatl isl anl activel adaptivel immunityl response?
Answer:
-l activel originatedl inl hostl afterl naturall exposurel orl immunization
QUESTION
whatl isl al passivel adaptivel immunityl response?
Answer:
-l camel froml donorl maternall antibodiesl acrossl placental tol fetus
QUESTION
whatl arel lymphocytel T&Bl cells?
Answer:
-l immunocompetent
QUESTION
whatl isl thel 3rdl linel ofl defense?
Answer:
2026l Update)l Advancedl Pathophysiologyl
Review|l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Wilkes
QUESTION
whatl isl thel 1stl linel ofl defense?
Answer:
-l innatel immunityl (presentl @l birth)
-l includesl naturall barriersl (physical-skin,l biochemicall enzymes,l microbe-el coli)
-l toll-likel receptorsl (TLR)l innatel responsel tol pathogens
-l T&B
QUESTION
whatl isl thel 2ndl linel ofl defense?
Answer:
-l inflammationl occursl inl vascularizedl tissue
-l acutel inflammatoryl response
-l chronicl inflammation
-l woundl healing
QUESTION
whatl isl anl acutel inflammatoryl response?
Answer:
-l injuryl orl invasionl (1stl response)
-l mastl cellsl mostl importantl mediatorsl ofl inflammationl (degranulation)
-l activationl ofl plasmal systemsl &l releasel ofl celll products
)
,-l leukocytes
QUESTION
whatl arel leukocytes?
Answer:
-l defenders
QUESTION
whol arel 1stl responders?
Answer:
-l neutrophils
QUESTION
whol arel thel "killerl cells"?
Answer:
-l lymphocytes
QUESTION
whenl doesl chronicl inflammationl occurl with?
Answer:
-l persistencel ofl infection,l anl antigenl orl foreignl body
QUESTION
,whatl arel toll-likel receptors?l wherel arel theyl found?
Answer:
-l foundl onl celll surface/plasmal membranel (outerl membranel ofl phagocyticl cells)
-l mainl contributorl tol innatel immunity
-l playl importantl rolel inl defense
-l detectl pathogens,l virall &l bacteriall RNAl &l DNA
-l earlyl contactl withl infectiousl microorganisms
QUESTION
whatl isl humorall immunity?
Answer:
-l antigensl &l antibodiesl bindl withl memories
QUESTION
whatl isl anotherl namel forl anl antibody?
Answer:
-l immunoglobulinl (Ig)
QUESTION
whatl isl IgE?
Answer:
-l responsel tol environmentall antigens,l allergies
QUESTION
whatl isl IgGl &l IgM?
, Answer:
-l elevatedl inl tissuel specificl
-l IgMl responsel tol anl activel infectionl 1stl responsel tol viral,l testl forl activel orl recoveringl
covid
QUESTION
whatl isl anl activel adaptivel immunityl response?
Answer:
-l activel originatedl inl hostl afterl naturall exposurel orl immunization
QUESTION
whatl isl al passivel adaptivel immunityl response?
Answer:
-l camel froml donorl maternall antibodiesl acrossl placental tol fetus
QUESTION
whatl arel lymphocytel T&Bl cells?
Answer:
-l immunocompetent
QUESTION
whatl isl thel 3rdl linel ofl defense?
Answer:
