SPM 4013 CORE MAIN EXAMS ALL QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
Globalization - ✔✔Broad concept encompassing many elements and characteristics of
life in the post-industrial era; been going on for 20 years; social and economic issues;
more prominent following Cold War; result of this is tension between heterogenization
(maintaining
differences) and homogenization (making similar)
✔✔Consumer Culture - ✔✔Used to describe the capitalist or market economy ideology
whereby individuals aspire to ever-higher standards of living and material consumption
✔✔Globalization in Sport - ✔✔Difficult to find the economic and cultural balance;
Olympic committee attempts to balance with opening and closing ceremonies; mainly
driven by economic considerations; highly Americanized because international sports
are driven by the West; gained momentum following WWI; refers to the movement of
athletes around the world in pursuit of work
✔✔Internalization - ✔✔Used to describe the worldwide dissemination of sport, driven by
the 20th century consumer culture
, ✔✔Internalization of Sports - ✔✔Increased opportunities for fan involvement and
enjoyment; provided exposure to cultures from around the world; paved the way for
Coakley's 3 main areas:
1) Market Economies
2) Changing Demographics
3) Large Scale Capital Investment by Public & Private Sources
✔✔Commodification - ✔✔The influence of economic forces on the structure and
practice of sport (trade); has turned into an economic practice like selling goods, airtime,
and earning a living as an athlete / coach / cameraman
✔✔Regionalism - ✔✔Set of countries with similar characteristics (UK)
✔✔Nationalism - ✔✔Shared sense of what a country stands for; socially constructed
concept with ever-changing rituals
✔✔Glocalization - ✔✔Global and local themes which creates a new existence out of
more cultural elements (ex: New Zealand All Blacks --> rapid development of rugby)
✔✔Localization - ✔✔Adaption of non-local elements to the local context (ex: language
and rules, adapting to advertisements
✔✔Beware or Binaries - ✔✔Examining cultures against each other rather than
simultaneously analyzing each on its own merits; seeing issues as black & white or right
& wrong; cultures - "we do it 'right' because they do it wrong"; global issues often come
in shades of grey
✔✔Politics - ✔✔Governments provide subsides to sport teams or leagues to gain social
benefits of community, status for the city / country, and economic benefits / political
incentives
✔✔Economies - ✔✔The way in which sport organization personnel manages resources
in the face of fluctuation consumer demand and consumption; public financing
(stadiums); ability for sport fans to pay to watch
✔✔Finance - ✔✔Players' salaries, and... the league wide balance of power between the
richest and poorest organization
✔✔Internal Operations - ✔✔Budgeting; making money while helping reduce costs;
external revenue services and sports infrastructure
✔✔Law - ✔✔International legislation and sports legislation are obviously very different;
each country views sport and sport rules differently
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
Globalization - ✔✔Broad concept encompassing many elements and characteristics of
life in the post-industrial era; been going on for 20 years; social and economic issues;
more prominent following Cold War; result of this is tension between heterogenization
(maintaining
differences) and homogenization (making similar)
✔✔Consumer Culture - ✔✔Used to describe the capitalist or market economy ideology
whereby individuals aspire to ever-higher standards of living and material consumption
✔✔Globalization in Sport - ✔✔Difficult to find the economic and cultural balance;
Olympic committee attempts to balance with opening and closing ceremonies; mainly
driven by economic considerations; highly Americanized because international sports
are driven by the West; gained momentum following WWI; refers to the movement of
athletes around the world in pursuit of work
✔✔Internalization - ✔✔Used to describe the worldwide dissemination of sport, driven by
the 20th century consumer culture
, ✔✔Internalization of Sports - ✔✔Increased opportunities for fan involvement and
enjoyment; provided exposure to cultures from around the world; paved the way for
Coakley's 3 main areas:
1) Market Economies
2) Changing Demographics
3) Large Scale Capital Investment by Public & Private Sources
✔✔Commodification - ✔✔The influence of economic forces on the structure and
practice of sport (trade); has turned into an economic practice like selling goods, airtime,
and earning a living as an athlete / coach / cameraman
✔✔Regionalism - ✔✔Set of countries with similar characteristics (UK)
✔✔Nationalism - ✔✔Shared sense of what a country stands for; socially constructed
concept with ever-changing rituals
✔✔Glocalization - ✔✔Global and local themes which creates a new existence out of
more cultural elements (ex: New Zealand All Blacks --> rapid development of rugby)
✔✔Localization - ✔✔Adaption of non-local elements to the local context (ex: language
and rules, adapting to advertisements
✔✔Beware or Binaries - ✔✔Examining cultures against each other rather than
simultaneously analyzing each on its own merits; seeing issues as black & white or right
& wrong; cultures - "we do it 'right' because they do it wrong"; global issues often come
in shades of grey
✔✔Politics - ✔✔Governments provide subsides to sport teams or leagues to gain social
benefits of community, status for the city / country, and economic benefits / political
incentives
✔✔Economies - ✔✔The way in which sport organization personnel manages resources
in the face of fluctuation consumer demand and consumption; public financing
(stadiums); ability for sport fans to pay to watch
✔✔Finance - ✔✔Players' salaries, and... the league wide balance of power between the
richest and poorest organization
✔✔Internal Operations - ✔✔Budgeting; making money while helping reduce costs;
external revenue services and sports infrastructure
✔✔Law - ✔✔International legislation and sports legislation are obviously very different;
each country views sport and sport rules differently
