CNSC CORE EXAMS SET 2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Which hormones are increased in response to illness and trauma? - ✔✔Cortisol
Epinephrine
Growth hormone
Glucagon
✔✔What can result from inadequate chromium intake? - ✔✔Hyperglycemia (chromium
deficiency impairs glucose metabolism)
✔✔What are signs of vitamin D toxicity? - ✔✔Nausea/vomiting
Weakness
Fatigue
Diarrhea
Headache
Confusion
Tremor
Soft tissue calcification (long-term)
✔✔What method to determine energy expenditure incorporates body surface area? -
✔✔Swinamer Equation
, ✔✔Albumin has a half-life of approximately - ✔✔14-20 days
✔✔What vitamin requires bile salt for emulsification and integration into the micelle for
intestinal absorption? - ✔✔Vitamin A
✔✔Triglycerides that require bile acids to facilitate enzymatic digestion and absorption
are typically - ✔✔12 carbons in length (>10 is long-chain, can't be absorbed directly via
the villi of intestinal mucosa)
✔✔How to calculate Total Body Water (TBW) and 3 compartments - ✔✔TBW is 50-60%
of body weight
2/3 in intracellular fluid
1/3 extracellular fluid
1/4 of extracellular fluid is intravascular space
3/4 of extracellular fluid is interstitial space
✔✔Mild hypercalcemia is treated with - ✔✔hydration
✔✔Urea accounts for what % of total urine nitrogen losses (when calculating nitrogen
balance)? - ✔✔80%
✔✔Where are essential amino acids oxidized? - ✔✔Liver
✔✔Glycogen stores can sustain normal activities in a healthy adult for approximately -
✔✔1 day
✔✔Glucose and galactose gain access to enterocytes via - ✔✔sodium-glucose
transporter 1 (SGLT-1)
✔✔Which water-soluble vitamins do not require Na+ co-transporters for absorption? -
✔✔B12 and folic acid
✔✔What facilitates the absorption of sodium in the lumen of the small intestine? -
✔✔Glucose (enhances both sodium and water uptake)
✔✔Mucosal atrophy that accompanies bowel rest may result from an absence of -
✔✔glutamine (can be added to PN to decrease atrophic changes)
✔✔The majority of fat digestion occurs in the - ✔✔duodenum
✔✔Average nitrogen content of protein - ✔✔16%
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Which hormones are increased in response to illness and trauma? - ✔✔Cortisol
Epinephrine
Growth hormone
Glucagon
✔✔What can result from inadequate chromium intake? - ✔✔Hyperglycemia (chromium
deficiency impairs glucose metabolism)
✔✔What are signs of vitamin D toxicity? - ✔✔Nausea/vomiting
Weakness
Fatigue
Diarrhea
Headache
Confusion
Tremor
Soft tissue calcification (long-term)
✔✔What method to determine energy expenditure incorporates body surface area? -
✔✔Swinamer Equation
, ✔✔Albumin has a half-life of approximately - ✔✔14-20 days
✔✔What vitamin requires bile salt for emulsification and integration into the micelle for
intestinal absorption? - ✔✔Vitamin A
✔✔Triglycerides that require bile acids to facilitate enzymatic digestion and absorption
are typically - ✔✔12 carbons in length (>10 is long-chain, can't be absorbed directly via
the villi of intestinal mucosa)
✔✔How to calculate Total Body Water (TBW) and 3 compartments - ✔✔TBW is 50-60%
of body weight
2/3 in intracellular fluid
1/3 extracellular fluid
1/4 of extracellular fluid is intravascular space
3/4 of extracellular fluid is interstitial space
✔✔Mild hypercalcemia is treated with - ✔✔hydration
✔✔Urea accounts for what % of total urine nitrogen losses (when calculating nitrogen
balance)? - ✔✔80%
✔✔Where are essential amino acids oxidized? - ✔✔Liver
✔✔Glycogen stores can sustain normal activities in a healthy adult for approximately -
✔✔1 day
✔✔Glucose and galactose gain access to enterocytes via - ✔✔sodium-glucose
transporter 1 (SGLT-1)
✔✔Which water-soluble vitamins do not require Na+ co-transporters for absorption? -
✔✔B12 and folic acid
✔✔What facilitates the absorption of sodium in the lumen of the small intestine? -
✔✔Glucose (enhances both sodium and water uptake)
✔✔Mucosal atrophy that accompanies bowel rest may result from an absence of -
✔✔glutamine (can be added to PN to decrease atrophic changes)
✔✔The majority of fat digestion occurs in the - ✔✔duodenum
✔✔Average nitrogen content of protein - ✔✔16%
