CNSC UPDATED EXAMS TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Which of the following is the BEST indication for use of a soy-based infant formula?
1: Diarrhea
2: Cow's milk protein allergy
3: Galactosemia
4: Regurgitation with feeds - ✔✔3: Galactosemia
✔✔Which of the following concentrations is considered to be an upper limit for the
osmolality of infant formulas to avoid tolerance issues?
1: 460 mOsm/kg
2: 360 mOsm/kg
3: 260 mOsm/kg
4: 560 mOsm/kg - ✔✔1: 460 mOsm/kg
The osmolality of a 30 calorie per ounce concentrated standard infant formula is
approximately 450 mOsm/kg. The addition of a carbohydrate modular to increase
,caloric density of formula will increase the osmolality of the formula while the addition of
a fat modular will not.
✔✔What distinguishes gastroesophageal reflux (GER) from gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD) in infants?
1: GERD is characterized by the presence of significant complications
2: GER is associated with failure to thrive
3: GER is associated with arching of the back and irritability with no other symptoms
4: GERD typically requires surgical fundoplication - ✔✔1: GERD is characterized by the
presence of significant complications
✔✔Which of the following is FALSE regarding regurgitation in infants?
1: Regurgitation is rare in infants
2: Regurgitation in neonates is related to relaxation of the lower esophaleal sphinter
3: regurgitation is usually transient and will resolve around 7 - 12 months of age
4: Regurgitation is associated with delayed gastric emptying - ✔✔1: Regurgitation is
rare in infants
✔✔Which of the following is TRUE regarding aspiration in critically ill children?
1: The incidence of aspiration directly caused by enteral nutrition is difficult to determine
due to a lack of good clinical research
2: Increased gastric residuals are directly related to increased risk for aspiration
3: Children have strong coordination of pharyngeal muscles, making aspiration less
likely than in adults
4: Children have strong cough reflex which helps protect them from aspiration - ✔✔1:
The incidence of aspiration directly caused by enteral nutrition is difficult to determine
due to a lack of good clinical research
✔✔Which of the following best describes the appropriate use of powdered infant
formula in healthcare facilities?
1: Freeze open containers and discard after 30 days from opening
2: Refrigerate open containers and discard after 30 days from opening
3: Use interchangeably with comparable sterile liquid formulations
4: Use only when alternative sterile liquid products are not available and when clinically
necessary - ✔✔4: Use only when alternative sterile liquid products are not available and
when clinically necessary
, ✔✔In the hospital what is the hang time for expressed human milk when used for
continuous enteral feedings?
1: 2 hours
2: 4 hours
3: 8 hours
4: 12 hours - ✔✔2: 4 hours
✔✔A 4-month-old male has acute onset of diarrhea for 48 hours. His parents noticed
that he hasn't been wetting as many diapers and his mucous membranes are slightly
dry. His anterior fontanel is soft and not sunken. He normally ingests milk based formula
ad lib. Which of the following is the most appropriate nutrition intervention for this infant?
1: Half strength infant formula
2: Oral rehydration therapy
3: Full strength elemental formula
4: Short course of parenteral nutrition - ✔✔2: Oral rehydration therapy
✔✔What should the MAXIMUM glucose infusion rate (GIR) be for a term infant
receiving parenteral nutrition (PN)?
1: 4-8 mg/kg/min
2: 8-12 mg/kg/min
3: 14-18 mg/kg/min
4: 18-22 mg/kg/min - ✔✔3: 14-18 mg/kg/min
GIR may be calculated as follows: [dextrose (g/day) x 1000]/[24 (hr/day) x 60 (min/hr). x
weight (kg)].
✔✔In an infant receiving parenteral nutrition (PN), what is the MINIMUM amount of lipid
injectable emulsion (ILE) needed to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD)?
1: 0.2-0.4 g/kg/day
2: 0.5-1g/kg/day
3: 1.1-1.5 g/kg/day
4: 1.8-2 g/kg/day - ✔✔2: 0.5-1g/kg/day
For patients where prolonged PN dependence (> 1 month) is anticipated, lipid restriction
to 1 g/kg/day may be instituted to help prevent PN-associated liver disease.
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Which of the following is the BEST indication for use of a soy-based infant formula?
1: Diarrhea
2: Cow's milk protein allergy
3: Galactosemia
4: Regurgitation with feeds - ✔✔3: Galactosemia
✔✔Which of the following concentrations is considered to be an upper limit for the
osmolality of infant formulas to avoid tolerance issues?
1: 460 mOsm/kg
2: 360 mOsm/kg
3: 260 mOsm/kg
4: 560 mOsm/kg - ✔✔1: 460 mOsm/kg
The osmolality of a 30 calorie per ounce concentrated standard infant formula is
approximately 450 mOsm/kg. The addition of a carbohydrate modular to increase
,caloric density of formula will increase the osmolality of the formula while the addition of
a fat modular will not.
✔✔What distinguishes gastroesophageal reflux (GER) from gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD) in infants?
1: GERD is characterized by the presence of significant complications
2: GER is associated with failure to thrive
3: GER is associated with arching of the back and irritability with no other symptoms
4: GERD typically requires surgical fundoplication - ✔✔1: GERD is characterized by the
presence of significant complications
✔✔Which of the following is FALSE regarding regurgitation in infants?
1: Regurgitation is rare in infants
2: Regurgitation in neonates is related to relaxation of the lower esophaleal sphinter
3: regurgitation is usually transient and will resolve around 7 - 12 months of age
4: Regurgitation is associated with delayed gastric emptying - ✔✔1: Regurgitation is
rare in infants
✔✔Which of the following is TRUE regarding aspiration in critically ill children?
1: The incidence of aspiration directly caused by enteral nutrition is difficult to determine
due to a lack of good clinical research
2: Increased gastric residuals are directly related to increased risk for aspiration
3: Children have strong coordination of pharyngeal muscles, making aspiration less
likely than in adults
4: Children have strong cough reflex which helps protect them from aspiration - ✔✔1:
The incidence of aspiration directly caused by enteral nutrition is difficult to determine
due to a lack of good clinical research
✔✔Which of the following best describes the appropriate use of powdered infant
formula in healthcare facilities?
1: Freeze open containers and discard after 30 days from opening
2: Refrigerate open containers and discard after 30 days from opening
3: Use interchangeably with comparable sterile liquid formulations
4: Use only when alternative sterile liquid products are not available and when clinically
necessary - ✔✔4: Use only when alternative sterile liquid products are not available and
when clinically necessary
, ✔✔In the hospital what is the hang time for expressed human milk when used for
continuous enteral feedings?
1: 2 hours
2: 4 hours
3: 8 hours
4: 12 hours - ✔✔2: 4 hours
✔✔A 4-month-old male has acute onset of diarrhea for 48 hours. His parents noticed
that he hasn't been wetting as many diapers and his mucous membranes are slightly
dry. His anterior fontanel is soft and not sunken. He normally ingests milk based formula
ad lib. Which of the following is the most appropriate nutrition intervention for this infant?
1: Half strength infant formula
2: Oral rehydration therapy
3: Full strength elemental formula
4: Short course of parenteral nutrition - ✔✔2: Oral rehydration therapy
✔✔What should the MAXIMUM glucose infusion rate (GIR) be for a term infant
receiving parenteral nutrition (PN)?
1: 4-8 mg/kg/min
2: 8-12 mg/kg/min
3: 14-18 mg/kg/min
4: 18-22 mg/kg/min - ✔✔3: 14-18 mg/kg/min
GIR may be calculated as follows: [dextrose (g/day) x 1000]/[24 (hr/day) x 60 (min/hr). x
weight (kg)].
✔✔In an infant receiving parenteral nutrition (PN), what is the MINIMUM amount of lipid
injectable emulsion (ILE) needed to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD)?
1: 0.2-0.4 g/kg/day
2: 0.5-1g/kg/day
3: 1.1-1.5 g/kg/day
4: 1.8-2 g/kg/day - ✔✔2: 0.5-1g/kg/day
For patients where prolonged PN dependence (> 1 month) is anticipated, lipid restriction
to 1 g/kg/day may be instituted to help prevent PN-associated liver disease.
