CNUR 202 Questions with 100% Correct
Answers
Endogenous vs Exogenous
en = within the body - naturally produced
ex = made outside the body - synthetic
Adrenergic Receptors
sites for catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine, further divided into beta and alpha
Alpha-Adrenergic-Receptors
two types differentiated by their location relative to nerves, control the release of
neurotransmitters
1- located on the postsynaptic nerve terminal (the tissue that nerve stimulates) NE or E
2- located on presynaptic terminals
beta-adrenergic-receptors
located on postsynaptic effector cells
1- located primarily on the heart
2- located on smooth muscle fibers of the the bronchioles, arterioles, and visceral organs
Adrenergic Drugs
drugs that mimic effects of the SNS neurotransmitters norepinephrine, epinephrine, and
dopamine; known as catecholamines.
can be classified as either selective or non-selective on alpha and/or beta receptors
mechanism of action - adrenergic drugs
,transmission takes place at the junction between nerve and receptor site of the innervated
organ or tissue (effector
mechanism of action - alpha 1 adrenergic stimulators
located on smooth muscles, vasoconstriction occurs and relaxation of GI smooth muscle.
Decreased renin secretion
CNS stimulation
Pupil dilatation
Glycogenolysis & gluconeogenesis
Contraction of pregnant uterus
mechanism of action - alpha 2 adrenergic stimulators
tends to reverse sympathetic activity, inhabitation and relaxation
Inhibit release of NE
Vasoconstriction
Inhibit insulin secretion
Increase platelet aggregation
mechanism of action - beta 1 adrenergic stimulators
effector cells of the heart; increase HR, contractility, BP, and AV conduction, also increases
renin release.
Postive Inotrope
Postive Chronotrope
Postive Dromotrope
+ inotropic effect
increased force of contraction
,+ chronotropic effect
increased HR
+ dromotropic effect
increase in the conduction of cardiac electrical nerve impulses through the AV node
mechanism of action - beta 2 adrenergic stimulators
relaxation and dilation of lungs, vasodilation
Bronchodialtion
Relaxation of pregnant uterus
Decreased motility/tone GI tract
Increased glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
vasoactive adrenergics
used to support the cardiovascular system or treat orthostatic hypotension, have a rapid onset
and their effects cease quickly.
Epinephrine Routes and Pharmacokinetics
Subcut: onset 5-10 minutes, peak 20 minutes, variable half life
IV: onset less than 2 minutes, rapid peak, half-life of 5 minutes, duration of action 5-30
minutes
Epinephrine Indications: alpha and beta
B dose used to treat bradycardias, left ventricular dysfunction, or anaphylaxis
A dose used to treat profound hypotension or pulseless cardiac arrest
Salbutamol/Ventolin
, anti-asthmatic, bronchodilator, adrenergic agonist
selective beta 2, stimulating the ability to breathe; bronchodilation and vasodialtion through
metered dose inhaler or nebulizer
Types of Alpha Blockers
nonselective blocking alpha 1 and alpha 2
selective black alpha 1 (alpha 1B, 1A, and 2)
Nonselevtive Alpha Blockers
Can black alpha 1 and alpha 2
alpha 1: vasodilation
aplhpa 2: increase norepinephrine release
Selective Alpha Blockers
Alpha 1A - block receptors in smooth muscle of bladder, neck, and prostate gland; most
affinity for specific sites
Alpha 1B- reduces resistance in peripheral vasculature, decreases BP; works in 2 different
sites
Alpha Blockers
interrupt stimulation of the SNS at alpha adrenergic receptors to work either by direct
competition with NE or noncompete process
Beta Blockers
block SNS stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors by competing with NE and E, can either
be selective or nonselective
known as the "olols"
Answers
Endogenous vs Exogenous
en = within the body - naturally produced
ex = made outside the body - synthetic
Adrenergic Receptors
sites for catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine, further divided into beta and alpha
Alpha-Adrenergic-Receptors
two types differentiated by their location relative to nerves, control the release of
neurotransmitters
1- located on the postsynaptic nerve terminal (the tissue that nerve stimulates) NE or E
2- located on presynaptic terminals
beta-adrenergic-receptors
located on postsynaptic effector cells
1- located primarily on the heart
2- located on smooth muscle fibers of the the bronchioles, arterioles, and visceral organs
Adrenergic Drugs
drugs that mimic effects of the SNS neurotransmitters norepinephrine, epinephrine, and
dopamine; known as catecholamines.
can be classified as either selective or non-selective on alpha and/or beta receptors
mechanism of action - adrenergic drugs
,transmission takes place at the junction between nerve and receptor site of the innervated
organ or tissue (effector
mechanism of action - alpha 1 adrenergic stimulators
located on smooth muscles, vasoconstriction occurs and relaxation of GI smooth muscle.
Decreased renin secretion
CNS stimulation
Pupil dilatation
Glycogenolysis & gluconeogenesis
Contraction of pregnant uterus
mechanism of action - alpha 2 adrenergic stimulators
tends to reverse sympathetic activity, inhabitation and relaxation
Inhibit release of NE
Vasoconstriction
Inhibit insulin secretion
Increase platelet aggregation
mechanism of action - beta 1 adrenergic stimulators
effector cells of the heart; increase HR, contractility, BP, and AV conduction, also increases
renin release.
Postive Inotrope
Postive Chronotrope
Postive Dromotrope
+ inotropic effect
increased force of contraction
,+ chronotropic effect
increased HR
+ dromotropic effect
increase in the conduction of cardiac electrical nerve impulses through the AV node
mechanism of action - beta 2 adrenergic stimulators
relaxation and dilation of lungs, vasodilation
Bronchodialtion
Relaxation of pregnant uterus
Decreased motility/tone GI tract
Increased glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
vasoactive adrenergics
used to support the cardiovascular system or treat orthostatic hypotension, have a rapid onset
and their effects cease quickly.
Epinephrine Routes and Pharmacokinetics
Subcut: onset 5-10 minutes, peak 20 minutes, variable half life
IV: onset less than 2 minutes, rapid peak, half-life of 5 minutes, duration of action 5-30
minutes
Epinephrine Indications: alpha and beta
B dose used to treat bradycardias, left ventricular dysfunction, or anaphylaxis
A dose used to treat profound hypotension or pulseless cardiac arrest
Salbutamol/Ventolin
, anti-asthmatic, bronchodilator, adrenergic agonist
selective beta 2, stimulating the ability to breathe; bronchodilation and vasodialtion through
metered dose inhaler or nebulizer
Types of Alpha Blockers
nonselective blocking alpha 1 and alpha 2
selective black alpha 1 (alpha 1B, 1A, and 2)
Nonselevtive Alpha Blockers
Can black alpha 1 and alpha 2
alpha 1: vasodilation
aplhpa 2: increase norepinephrine release
Selective Alpha Blockers
Alpha 1A - block receptors in smooth muscle of bladder, neck, and prostate gland; most
affinity for specific sites
Alpha 1B- reduces resistance in peripheral vasculature, decreases BP; works in 2 different
sites
Alpha Blockers
interrupt stimulation of the SNS at alpha adrenergic receptors to work either by direct
competition with NE or noncompete process
Beta Blockers
block SNS stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors by competing with NE and E, can either
be selective or nonselective
known as the "olols"
