BIO 152 MODULE 3 HIGH-YIELD SENSORY
SYSTEMS, BLOOD FLOW, AND HOMEOSTASIS
SUMMARY 2026
◉ Ventilation.
Answer: movement of air into and out of the lungs
◉ Gas exchange.
Answer: the diffusion of O2 and CO2 between air or water and the
blood at the respiratory surface
◉ Circulation.
Answer: Transport of gas to/from body cells
◉ formula for cellular respiration.
Answer: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H20 + ENERGY (ATP)
◉ 4 steps of cellular respiration.
Answer: 1. Glycolysis
2. Pyruvate processing
3. Citric acid cycle
,4. Electron transport and chemiosmosis
◉ Reduction.
Answer: gain of electrons
loose O gain H
◉ Oxidation.
Answer: loss of electrons
gain O Loose H
◉ Glycolysis.
Answer: first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a
molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid
aerobic and anaerobic processing of making ATP
◉ Pyruvate Oxidation.
Answer: 2nd step in cellular respiration occurs on the way to the
mitochondrial matrix. Pyruvate is oxidized into 1 CO2, 1 NADH, 1
acetyl-COA (2 carbons attached to coenzyme A)
◉ Citric Acid Cycle.
Answer: Completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a
derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide.
, ATP, NADH, FADH2 produced
◉ oxidative phosphorylation.
Answer: The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox
reactions of an electron transport chain; the third major stage of
cellular respiration
electrons move down the chain releasing energy and pumping
protons out of gradiant
◉ substrate-level phosphorylation.
Answer: The enzyme-catalyzed formation of ATP by direct transfer
of a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in
catabolism.
◉ Krebs cycle.
Answer: pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series
of energy-extracting reactions
◉ Carbohydrates.
Answer: Broken down to simple sugars
◉ Fats.
Answer: broken to glycerol and fatty acids, glycerol into glycolysis
SYSTEMS, BLOOD FLOW, AND HOMEOSTASIS
SUMMARY 2026
◉ Ventilation.
Answer: movement of air into and out of the lungs
◉ Gas exchange.
Answer: the diffusion of O2 and CO2 between air or water and the
blood at the respiratory surface
◉ Circulation.
Answer: Transport of gas to/from body cells
◉ formula for cellular respiration.
Answer: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H20 + ENERGY (ATP)
◉ 4 steps of cellular respiration.
Answer: 1. Glycolysis
2. Pyruvate processing
3. Citric acid cycle
,4. Electron transport and chemiosmosis
◉ Reduction.
Answer: gain of electrons
loose O gain H
◉ Oxidation.
Answer: loss of electrons
gain O Loose H
◉ Glycolysis.
Answer: first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a
molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid
aerobic and anaerobic processing of making ATP
◉ Pyruvate Oxidation.
Answer: 2nd step in cellular respiration occurs on the way to the
mitochondrial matrix. Pyruvate is oxidized into 1 CO2, 1 NADH, 1
acetyl-COA (2 carbons attached to coenzyme A)
◉ Citric Acid Cycle.
Answer: Completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a
derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide.
, ATP, NADH, FADH2 produced
◉ oxidative phosphorylation.
Answer: The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox
reactions of an electron transport chain; the third major stage of
cellular respiration
electrons move down the chain releasing energy and pumping
protons out of gradiant
◉ substrate-level phosphorylation.
Answer: The enzyme-catalyzed formation of ATP by direct transfer
of a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in
catabolism.
◉ Krebs cycle.
Answer: pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series
of energy-extracting reactions
◉ Carbohydrates.
Answer: Broken down to simple sugars
◉ Fats.
Answer: broken to glycerol and fatty acids, glycerol into glycolysis
