Pathophysiology and Pharmacology Exam 3 Questions With Correct Answers

Pathophysiology and Pharmacology
Exam 3 Questions With Correct Answers

What is Anabolism? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a constructive metabolic
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process; simple substances converted into larger, more complex
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molecules.


What is Catabolism? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the metabolic process of
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breaking down complex substances into simple compounds, liberating
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energy for use in work, energy storage, or heat production.
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What is glycogenolysis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the process whereby
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glycogen is broken down when blood glucose levels fall below normal.
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What is glyconeogenesis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the synthesis of
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glucose form amino acids, glycerol, and lactic acid by the liver
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What regulates glucagon secretion? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-blood
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glucose levels
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What factors affect glucagon secretion? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-* A
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decrease in blood glucose concentration produces an immediate
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,increase in glucagon* secretion; an Increase in glucose concentration in
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the blood causes a decrease in glucagon secretion
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- High concentrations of amino acids (as in after a high protein meal) can
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stimulate glucagon secretion
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- glucagon levels increase during strenuous exercise as a means of
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preventing decrease in blood glucose | | | |




What does an increase of plasma amylin levels cause? - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-inhibition of gastric emptying and glucagon secretion | | | | | |




Somatostatin - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- is secreted by delta cells and
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acts locally in islets of Langerhans
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* inhibits release of insulin and glucagon *
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- decreases GI activity after ingestion of food; ingestion of food
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stimulates somatostatin secretion | |




Categories to evaluate risk for diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--
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Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) *100 mg/dL-125 mg/dL*
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- Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) *140 mg/dL- 199mg/dL*
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- HgA1C *5.7%-6.4%*
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Criteria for diagnosis of diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--FPG (fasting
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plasma glucose)is greater than 126 mg/dL
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, - 2-h plasma glucose in 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is greater
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than 200 mg/dL
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- Hemoglobin A1C is greater than 6.5%
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- symptoms of hyperglycemia and plasma glucose is greater than 200
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mg/dL


What is type 1 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-loss of beta cell
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function and an absolute insulin deficiency
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What is type 2 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-impaired ability of
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tissues to use insulin (*insulin resistance*) accompanies by a lack of
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insulin or impaired release of insulin in reaction to blood glucose levels
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(*beta cells dysfunction*)
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Criteria for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-3
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or more of the following:
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- abdominal obesity: Waist circumference greater than 35 in (88cm) in
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women or 40 in (102) cm in men
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- Triglycerides greater than 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L)
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-* high density lipoproteins less than 50mg/dL in women or less than 40
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mg/dL in men*
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-* blood pressure greater than 130/85 mmHg*
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- fasting plasma glucose greater than 100 mg/dL
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