Pathophysiology and Pharmacology
(N311) Exam 1 Questions With Correct
Answers
Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Study of drug movement | | | | | | |
throughout the body; impact of the body on drugs
| | | | | | | |
Absorption - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Movement of a drug from its site of
| | | | | | | | | |
administration into the blood (no absorption necessary with IV)
| | | | | | | | |
Factors Affecting Absorption (Body) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- Route of
| | | | | | | | |
administration (where med is administered will affect absorption)
| | | | | | |
- Gastric emptying time (slower emptying means medication is in
| | | | | | | | | |
stomach longer) |
- Surface area for absorption (PO medications absorbed in small
| | | | | | | | | |
intestine; has way more surface area)
| | | | |
Factors Affecting Absorption (Medication) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--
| | | | | | |
Solubility: passive vs. active transport (must absorb across lining, if it
| | | | | | | | | | |
can't get across, it can't get to where it needs to go)
| | | | | | | | | | |
- Dissolution rate: how fast it dissolves
| | | | | |
,- Chemical structure
| |
Tablet - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Dissolves in stomach, typically scored
| | | | | | |
Enteric-Coated Tablet - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Dissolves in intestine,| | | | | | |
not a capsule, has hard coating (do not break/cut)
| | | | | | | |
Sustained Release Capsule - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Break down over
| | | | | | | |
time, capsule filled with tiny spheres
| | | | |
Distribution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Drug movement from the blood to
| | | | | | | |
the interstitial space if tissues, and from there into cells
| | | | | | | | | |
3 Main Factors:
| |
- Blood flow to tissues
| | | |
- Capillary beds
| |
- Ability of drug to enter cells
| | | | | |
Protein Binding (Albumin) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-If drug binds to
| | | | | | | | |
protein, distribution is affected
| | |
Albumin is large molecule, cannot cross
| | | | |
,If you take more than one medication that binds to albumin,
| | | | | | | | | | |
distribution will be thrown off | | | |
Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Primarily occurs in the liver; liver
| | | | | | | | |
has drug metabolizing enzymes
| | |
P450 System - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A group of enzyme families in the
| | | | | | | | | | |
liver which metabolize drugs and endogenous compounds
| | | | | |
P450 inhibitor: decreases metabolic activity of enzyme
| | | | | |
P450 inducer: increases metabolic activity of the enzyme
| | | | | | |
First Pass Effect - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The initial metabolism in the
| | | | | | | | | |
liver of a drug absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug
| | | | | | | | | | | |
reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream
| | | | |
Excretion - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Removal of drugs from the body;
| | | | | | | | |
primarily occurs in the kidneys | | | |
, Enterohepatic Circulation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A continual recycling
| | | | | | |
of compounds between the small intestine and the liver; limited to
| | | | | | | | | | |
drugs that undergo glucuronidation, drugs stay in the body longer
| | | | | | | | |
Non-Renal Routes of Drug Excretion - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- Breast
| | | | | | | | |
milk
- Bile
|
- Lungs
|
- Sweat
|
- Saliva
|
Therapeutic Index - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The drug concentration
| | | | | | |
between the minimum effective concentration and the toxic
| | | | | | | |
concentration; ratio of LD50 to ED50 | | | | |
Peak - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The highest level a drug concentration
| | | | | | | | |
can reach before the concentration becomes toxic
| | | | | |
Trough - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The lowest concentration a drug can be
| | | | | | | | | |
at to remain effective
| | |
Plasma Drug Levels - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Drug level increases with
| | | | | | | | |
absorption, decreases with metabolism and excretion; latent period
| | | | | | | |
between administration and onset of effects
| | | | |
(N311) Exam 1 Questions With Correct
Answers
Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Study of drug movement | | | | | | |
throughout the body; impact of the body on drugs
| | | | | | | |
Absorption - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Movement of a drug from its site of
| | | | | | | | | |
administration into the blood (no absorption necessary with IV)
| | | | | | | | |
Factors Affecting Absorption (Body) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- Route of
| | | | | | | | |
administration (where med is administered will affect absorption)
| | | | | | |
- Gastric emptying time (slower emptying means medication is in
| | | | | | | | | |
stomach longer) |
- Surface area for absorption (PO medications absorbed in small
| | | | | | | | | |
intestine; has way more surface area)
| | | | |
Factors Affecting Absorption (Medication) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--
| | | | | | |
Solubility: passive vs. active transport (must absorb across lining, if it
| | | | | | | | | | |
can't get across, it can't get to where it needs to go)
| | | | | | | | | | |
- Dissolution rate: how fast it dissolves
| | | | | |
,- Chemical structure
| |
Tablet - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Dissolves in stomach, typically scored
| | | | | | |
Enteric-Coated Tablet - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Dissolves in intestine,| | | | | | |
not a capsule, has hard coating (do not break/cut)
| | | | | | | |
Sustained Release Capsule - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Break down over
| | | | | | | |
time, capsule filled with tiny spheres
| | | | |
Distribution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Drug movement from the blood to
| | | | | | | |
the interstitial space if tissues, and from there into cells
| | | | | | | | | |
3 Main Factors:
| |
- Blood flow to tissues
| | | |
- Capillary beds
| |
- Ability of drug to enter cells
| | | | | |
Protein Binding (Albumin) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-If drug binds to
| | | | | | | | |
protein, distribution is affected
| | |
Albumin is large molecule, cannot cross
| | | | |
,If you take more than one medication that binds to albumin,
| | | | | | | | | | |
distribution will be thrown off | | | |
Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Primarily occurs in the liver; liver
| | | | | | | | |
has drug metabolizing enzymes
| | |
P450 System - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A group of enzyme families in the
| | | | | | | | | | |
liver which metabolize drugs and endogenous compounds
| | | | | |
P450 inhibitor: decreases metabolic activity of enzyme
| | | | | |
P450 inducer: increases metabolic activity of the enzyme
| | | | | | |
First Pass Effect - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The initial metabolism in the
| | | | | | | | | |
liver of a drug absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug
| | | | | | | | | | | |
reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream
| | | | |
Excretion - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Removal of drugs from the body;
| | | | | | | | |
primarily occurs in the kidneys | | | |
, Enterohepatic Circulation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A continual recycling
| | | | | | |
of compounds between the small intestine and the liver; limited to
| | | | | | | | | | |
drugs that undergo glucuronidation, drugs stay in the body longer
| | | | | | | | |
Non-Renal Routes of Drug Excretion - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- Breast
| | | | | | | | |
milk
- Bile
|
- Lungs
|
- Sweat
|
- Saliva
|
Therapeutic Index - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The drug concentration
| | | | | | |
between the minimum effective concentration and the toxic
| | | | | | | |
concentration; ratio of LD50 to ED50 | | | | |
Peak - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The highest level a drug concentration
| | | | | | | | |
can reach before the concentration becomes toxic
| | | | | |
Trough - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The lowest concentration a drug can be
| | | | | | | | | |
at to remain effective
| | |
Plasma Drug Levels - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Drug level increases with
| | | | | | | | |
absorption, decreases with metabolism and excretion; latent period
| | | | | | | |
between administration and onset of effects
| | | | |
