MED SURG 242 2027
LATEST EXAM WITH
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
RELIABLE ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES |ALREADY
GRADED A+ |MOST
RECENT !!!
EXAM 1: FUNDAMENTAL MED-SURG CONCEPTS
Question 1: After a cardiac catheterization, the client needs to increase his or her fluid intake for which
reason?
A) To prevent urinary tract infection
B) To flush the contrast dye from the kidneys
C) To prevent constipation
1|Page SUCCESS!!!
,D) To decrease the risk of bleeding
Answer: B The contrast dye used during cardiac catheterization can be nephrotoxic. Increasing fluid
intake helps flush the dye from the kidneys, reducing the risk of acute kidney injury.
Question 2: A nurse witnesses a nursing assistant struggling to lift and reposition an elderly, bedridden
patient. What is the nurse's priority action?
A) Assist the nursing assistant with the repositioning
B) Report the nursing assistant to the charge nurse
C) Instruct the nursing assistant to use proper body mechanics
D) Complete an incident report
Answer: A The nurse's immediate priority is patient and staff safety. Assisting with the repositioning
prevents injury to both the patient and the nursing assistant. The nurse should then provide education on
proper lifting techniques and the facility's no-lift policy.
Question 3: Which of the following findings should the nurse expect in a patient with peripheral arterial
disease?
A) Capillary refill less than 2 seconds
B) Bounding distal pulses
C) Intense pain with movement
D) Warm, pink extremities
Answer: C Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) causes ischemia, leading to intense pain with movement
(intermittent claudication). Capillary refill is prolonged (>3 seconds), pulses are diminished or absent,
and extremities are cool and pale.
Question 4: A patient is prescribed TED hose and sequential compression devices (SCDs)
postoperatively. What is the primary purpose of these interventions?
A) To prevent skin breakdown
B) To promote wound healing
C) To prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE)
D) To improve circulation to the surgical site
Answer: C TED hose and SCDs are used to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) by promoting
venous return and preventing stasis of blood in the lower extremities.
Question 5: A patient is on bed rest following surgery. Which nursing intervention is most important to
prevent complications of immobility?
A) Restrict fluid intake to prevent edema
2|Page SUCCESS!!!
,B) Perform passive range of motion (ROM) exercises
C) Keep the patient in a supine position at all times
D) Encourage the patient to remain still to prevent pain
Answer: B Passive range of motion exercises help maintain joint mobility, prevent contractures, and
promote circulation in immobile patients.
Question 6: A patient is admitted with severe dehydration. Which laboratory finding would the nurse
expect?
A) Decreased hematocrit
B) Decreased serum sodium
C) Increased BUN and creatinine
D) Decreased urine specific gravity
Answer: C In dehydration, blood becomes more concentrated, leading to elevated BUN, creatinine,
hematocrit, and urine specific gravity. Sodium may be elevated (hypernatremia).
Question 7: The nurse is assessing a patient with fluid volume excess. Which finding is most consistent
with this condition?
A) Dry mucous membranes
B) Poor skin turgor
C) Distended neck veins
D) Decreased urine output
Answer: C Fluid volume excess presents with distended neck veins, edema, weight gain, bounding
pulses, hypertension, and crackles in the lungs.
Question 8: A patient has an order for a 24-hour urine collection. Which action by the nurse is correct?
A) Discard the first void and start the collection after that
B) Collect all urine for 24 hours including the first void
C) Start the collection at the beginning of the shift
D) Keep the urine at room temperature
Answer: A For a 24-hour urine collection, the patient should void and discard the first specimen, then
collect all subsequent urine for the next 24 hours, including the final void at the end of the collection
period. The urine should be kept refrigerated or on ice.
Question 9: A patient is prescribed a low-sodium diet. Which food should the nurse instruct the patient to
avoid?
A) Fresh fruits
3|Page SUCCESS!!!
, B) Fresh vegetables
C) Canned soups
D) Whole grains
Answer: C Canned soups and processed foods are typically high in sodium. Patients on a low-sodium
diet should avoid canned, processed, and packaged foods and limit added salt.
Question 10: The nurse is preparing to administer a blood transfusion. Which action is most important to
ensure patient safety?
A) Verify the patient's identity and blood product with two licensed nurses
B) Pre-medicate the patient with diphenhydramine
C) Start the transfusion rapidly
D) Check the patient's temperature before starting
Answer: A Verifying the patient's identity and blood product with two licensed nurses is the most critical
safety step to prevent transfusion reactions and ensure the correct blood is administered to the correct
patient.
EXAM 2: FLUID/ELECTROLYTES, ABGs, & PERIOPERATIVE CARE
Question 11: Which electrolyte imbalance is most concerning in a patient with renal failure?
A) Hyponatremia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hypocalcemia
D) Hypomagnesemia
Answer: B Hyperkalemia is the most life-threatening electrolyte imbalance in renal failure because the
kidneys cannot excrete potassium, leading to accumulation and risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias.
Question 12: A patient has the following ABG results: pH 7.32, PaCO2 48 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L.
Which acid-base imbalance does this indicate?
A) Metabolic acidosis
B) Metabolic alkalosis
C) Respiratory acidosis
D) Respiratory alkalosis
Answer: C Respiratory acidosis is indicated by low pH (<7.35) and elevated PaCO2 (>45 mmHg). The
HCO3 is normal, indicating the kidneys have not yet compensated.
4|Page SUCCESS!!!
LATEST EXAM WITH
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
RELIABLE ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES |ALREADY
GRADED A+ |MOST
RECENT !!!
EXAM 1: FUNDAMENTAL MED-SURG CONCEPTS
Question 1: After a cardiac catheterization, the client needs to increase his or her fluid intake for which
reason?
A) To prevent urinary tract infection
B) To flush the contrast dye from the kidneys
C) To prevent constipation
1|Page SUCCESS!!!
,D) To decrease the risk of bleeding
Answer: B The contrast dye used during cardiac catheterization can be nephrotoxic. Increasing fluid
intake helps flush the dye from the kidneys, reducing the risk of acute kidney injury.
Question 2: A nurse witnesses a nursing assistant struggling to lift and reposition an elderly, bedridden
patient. What is the nurse's priority action?
A) Assist the nursing assistant with the repositioning
B) Report the nursing assistant to the charge nurse
C) Instruct the nursing assistant to use proper body mechanics
D) Complete an incident report
Answer: A The nurse's immediate priority is patient and staff safety. Assisting with the repositioning
prevents injury to both the patient and the nursing assistant. The nurse should then provide education on
proper lifting techniques and the facility's no-lift policy.
Question 3: Which of the following findings should the nurse expect in a patient with peripheral arterial
disease?
A) Capillary refill less than 2 seconds
B) Bounding distal pulses
C) Intense pain with movement
D) Warm, pink extremities
Answer: C Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) causes ischemia, leading to intense pain with movement
(intermittent claudication). Capillary refill is prolonged (>3 seconds), pulses are diminished or absent,
and extremities are cool and pale.
Question 4: A patient is prescribed TED hose and sequential compression devices (SCDs)
postoperatively. What is the primary purpose of these interventions?
A) To prevent skin breakdown
B) To promote wound healing
C) To prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE)
D) To improve circulation to the surgical site
Answer: C TED hose and SCDs are used to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) by promoting
venous return and preventing stasis of blood in the lower extremities.
Question 5: A patient is on bed rest following surgery. Which nursing intervention is most important to
prevent complications of immobility?
A) Restrict fluid intake to prevent edema
2|Page SUCCESS!!!
,B) Perform passive range of motion (ROM) exercises
C) Keep the patient in a supine position at all times
D) Encourage the patient to remain still to prevent pain
Answer: B Passive range of motion exercises help maintain joint mobility, prevent contractures, and
promote circulation in immobile patients.
Question 6: A patient is admitted with severe dehydration. Which laboratory finding would the nurse
expect?
A) Decreased hematocrit
B) Decreased serum sodium
C) Increased BUN and creatinine
D) Decreased urine specific gravity
Answer: C In dehydration, blood becomes more concentrated, leading to elevated BUN, creatinine,
hematocrit, and urine specific gravity. Sodium may be elevated (hypernatremia).
Question 7: The nurse is assessing a patient with fluid volume excess. Which finding is most consistent
with this condition?
A) Dry mucous membranes
B) Poor skin turgor
C) Distended neck veins
D) Decreased urine output
Answer: C Fluid volume excess presents with distended neck veins, edema, weight gain, bounding
pulses, hypertension, and crackles in the lungs.
Question 8: A patient has an order for a 24-hour urine collection. Which action by the nurse is correct?
A) Discard the first void and start the collection after that
B) Collect all urine for 24 hours including the first void
C) Start the collection at the beginning of the shift
D) Keep the urine at room temperature
Answer: A For a 24-hour urine collection, the patient should void and discard the first specimen, then
collect all subsequent urine for the next 24 hours, including the final void at the end of the collection
period. The urine should be kept refrigerated or on ice.
Question 9: A patient is prescribed a low-sodium diet. Which food should the nurse instruct the patient to
avoid?
A) Fresh fruits
3|Page SUCCESS!!!
, B) Fresh vegetables
C) Canned soups
D) Whole grains
Answer: C Canned soups and processed foods are typically high in sodium. Patients on a low-sodium
diet should avoid canned, processed, and packaged foods and limit added salt.
Question 10: The nurse is preparing to administer a blood transfusion. Which action is most important to
ensure patient safety?
A) Verify the patient's identity and blood product with two licensed nurses
B) Pre-medicate the patient with diphenhydramine
C) Start the transfusion rapidly
D) Check the patient's temperature before starting
Answer: A Verifying the patient's identity and blood product with two licensed nurses is the most critical
safety step to prevent transfusion reactions and ensure the correct blood is administered to the correct
patient.
EXAM 2: FLUID/ELECTROLYTES, ABGs, & PERIOPERATIVE CARE
Question 11: Which electrolyte imbalance is most concerning in a patient with renal failure?
A) Hyponatremia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hypocalcemia
D) Hypomagnesemia
Answer: B Hyperkalemia is the most life-threatening electrolyte imbalance in renal failure because the
kidneys cannot excrete potassium, leading to accumulation and risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias.
Question 12: A patient has the following ABG results: pH 7.32, PaCO2 48 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L.
Which acid-base imbalance does this indicate?
A) Metabolic acidosis
B) Metabolic alkalosis
C) Respiratory acidosis
D) Respiratory alkalosis
Answer: C Respiratory acidosis is indicated by low pH (<7.35) and elevated PaCO2 (>45 mmHg). The
HCO3 is normal, indicating the kidneys have not yet compensated.
4|Page SUCCESS!!!
