HESI A2 Grammar Exam Prep 2026/2027– Complete
Q&A Bank with Bold Italic 100% Correct Answers and
Italic Explanations for All Topics ||Rationales Guarantee
pass || A+ graded
Q1: A nurse is preparing to administer 0.9% sodium chloride 1,000 mL IV over 8
hours. The drop factor is 15 gtt/mL. What is the IV flow rate in gtt/min?
A) 21 gtt/min
B) 25 gtt/min
C) 31 gtt/min ✅
D) 42 gtt/min
Explanation: Calculate: 1,000 mL ÷ 8 hours = 125 mL/hr. Then 125 mL/hr × 15
gtt/mL = 1,875 gtt/hr. Divide by 60 min/hr = 31.25 → round to 31 gtt/min.
Q2: A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus is prescribed metformin. Which
statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
A) "I will take this medication with food."
B) "I will report any muscle pain to my doctor."
C) "I can drink alcohol while taking this medication." ✅
D) "I will avoid skipping meals."
Explanation: Metformin combined with alcohol increases the risk of lactic
acidosis. The client should avoid or limit alcohol intake. Taking with food reduces
,GI upset. Muscle pain can indicate lactic acidosis and should be reported. Skipping
meals can lead to hypoglycemia.
Q3: A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who had a total hip
arthroplasty. Which instruction should the nurse include?
A) Cross your legs at the ankles when sitting.
B) Use a raised toilet seat.
C) Bend forward at the waist to pick up objects.
D) Avoid sitting in low chairs. ✅
Explanation: After hip arthroplasty, the client must avoid hip flexion beyond 90°
and avoid crossing legs or bending at the waist. Using a raised toilet seat and
sitting in high chairs prevents excessive flexion.
Q4: A client with heart failure is prescribed furosemide. Which laboratory value
should the nurse monitor most closely?
A) Serum sodium
B) Serum glucose
C) Serum potassium ✅
D) Serum calcium
Explanation: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes potassium wasting.
Hypokalemia can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias. The nurse should monitor serum
potassium closely and watch for signs of hypokalemia.
Q5: A nurse is caring for a client who is 2 hours postoperative following a
thyroidectomy. Which finding requires immediate intervention?
A) Pain rated 4 on a 0-10 scale
B) Blood pressure 118/76 mmHg
, C) Stridor on inspiration ✅
D) Temperature 99.2°F (37.3°C)
Explanation: Stridor is a high-pitched inspiratory sound indicating airway
obstruction, which can occur due to laryngeal edema, hematoma, or nerve
damage after thyroidectomy. This is a medical emergency requiring immediate
intervention. Pain and vital signs are within expected ranges and do not require
emergent action.
Q6: A client is prescribed warfarin. Which dietary change should the nurse
recommend?
A) Increase intake of leafy green vegetables
B) Avoid foods high in vitamin K
C) Increase vitamin C intake
D) Maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods ✅
Explanation: Warfarin's effectiveness depends on a consistent vitamin K intake.
Drastic changes in vitamin K consumption (especially from leafy greens) can alter
INR levels and affect anticoagulation. The nurse should advise the client to
maintain a consistent diet.
Q7: A client with dementia is wandering in the hallway and trying to leave the
unit. What is the priority nursing action?
A) Apply a vest restraint.
B) Administer a PRN sedative.
C) Redirect the client to a safe activity.
D) Provide one-on-one supervision ✅
Explanation: The priority is client safety without using restraints (chemical or
physical). Redirecting to a safe activity is an appropriate intervention. One-on-one
, supervision ensures safety while respecting client dignity and avoiding restraint
use.
Q8: A client is receiving a blood transfusion and develops chills, fever, and flank
pain. What is the priority nursing action?
A) Administer antihistamines.
B) Slow the transfusion rate.
C) Stop the transfusion immediately. ✅
D) Obtain a urine sample.
Explanation: These signs indicate a possible hemolytic transfusion reaction, which
is life-threatening. The priority is to stop the transfusion immediately, keep the IV
line open with 0.9% NaCl, and notify the provider. Slowing the rate or
administering medications does not address the urgency of the reaction.
📚 Recommended Study Resources
Resource How to Use
ATI PN Comprehensive Review Main content review – read each chapter and take
Book practice quizzes
ATI Testing Website (Virtual-ATI) Take practice assessments and focused reviews
NCLEX-PN Prep Books (Saunders,
Additional practice questions in similar format
Hurst)
Quizlet / Study Groups Use for pharmacology and lab value memorization
Q&A Bank with Bold Italic 100% Correct Answers and
Italic Explanations for All Topics ||Rationales Guarantee
pass || A+ graded
Q1: A nurse is preparing to administer 0.9% sodium chloride 1,000 mL IV over 8
hours. The drop factor is 15 gtt/mL. What is the IV flow rate in gtt/min?
A) 21 gtt/min
B) 25 gtt/min
C) 31 gtt/min ✅
D) 42 gtt/min
Explanation: Calculate: 1,000 mL ÷ 8 hours = 125 mL/hr. Then 125 mL/hr × 15
gtt/mL = 1,875 gtt/hr. Divide by 60 min/hr = 31.25 → round to 31 gtt/min.
Q2: A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus is prescribed metformin. Which
statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
A) "I will take this medication with food."
B) "I will report any muscle pain to my doctor."
C) "I can drink alcohol while taking this medication." ✅
D) "I will avoid skipping meals."
Explanation: Metformin combined with alcohol increases the risk of lactic
acidosis. The client should avoid or limit alcohol intake. Taking with food reduces
,GI upset. Muscle pain can indicate lactic acidosis and should be reported. Skipping
meals can lead to hypoglycemia.
Q3: A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who had a total hip
arthroplasty. Which instruction should the nurse include?
A) Cross your legs at the ankles when sitting.
B) Use a raised toilet seat.
C) Bend forward at the waist to pick up objects.
D) Avoid sitting in low chairs. ✅
Explanation: After hip arthroplasty, the client must avoid hip flexion beyond 90°
and avoid crossing legs or bending at the waist. Using a raised toilet seat and
sitting in high chairs prevents excessive flexion.
Q4: A client with heart failure is prescribed furosemide. Which laboratory value
should the nurse monitor most closely?
A) Serum sodium
B) Serum glucose
C) Serum potassium ✅
D) Serum calcium
Explanation: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes potassium wasting.
Hypokalemia can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias. The nurse should monitor serum
potassium closely and watch for signs of hypokalemia.
Q5: A nurse is caring for a client who is 2 hours postoperative following a
thyroidectomy. Which finding requires immediate intervention?
A) Pain rated 4 on a 0-10 scale
B) Blood pressure 118/76 mmHg
, C) Stridor on inspiration ✅
D) Temperature 99.2°F (37.3°C)
Explanation: Stridor is a high-pitched inspiratory sound indicating airway
obstruction, which can occur due to laryngeal edema, hematoma, or nerve
damage after thyroidectomy. This is a medical emergency requiring immediate
intervention. Pain and vital signs are within expected ranges and do not require
emergent action.
Q6: A client is prescribed warfarin. Which dietary change should the nurse
recommend?
A) Increase intake of leafy green vegetables
B) Avoid foods high in vitamin K
C) Increase vitamin C intake
D) Maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods ✅
Explanation: Warfarin's effectiveness depends on a consistent vitamin K intake.
Drastic changes in vitamin K consumption (especially from leafy greens) can alter
INR levels and affect anticoagulation. The nurse should advise the client to
maintain a consistent diet.
Q7: A client with dementia is wandering in the hallway and trying to leave the
unit. What is the priority nursing action?
A) Apply a vest restraint.
B) Administer a PRN sedative.
C) Redirect the client to a safe activity.
D) Provide one-on-one supervision ✅
Explanation: The priority is client safety without using restraints (chemical or
physical). Redirecting to a safe activity is an appropriate intervention. One-on-one
, supervision ensures safety while respecting client dignity and avoiding restraint
use.
Q8: A client is receiving a blood transfusion and develops chills, fever, and flank
pain. What is the priority nursing action?
A) Administer antihistamines.
B) Slow the transfusion rate.
C) Stop the transfusion immediately. ✅
D) Obtain a urine sample.
Explanation: These signs indicate a possible hemolytic transfusion reaction, which
is life-threatening. The priority is to stop the transfusion immediately, keep the IV
line open with 0.9% NaCl, and notify the provider. Slowing the rate or
administering medications does not address the urgency of the reaction.
📚 Recommended Study Resources
Resource How to Use
ATI PN Comprehensive Review Main content review – read each chapter and take
Book practice quizzes
ATI Testing Website (Virtual-ATI) Take practice assessments and focused reviews
NCLEX-PN Prep Books (Saunders,
Additional practice questions in similar format
Hurst)
Quizlet / Study Groups Use for pharmacology and lab value memorization
