4.0 PSL 310 Exam Questions and All
Correct Answers 2026 Updated.
What are the 4 main types of tissue in the human body? - Answer Epithelial, muscle, nerve,
connective
Levels of organization (smallest to largest)? - Answer atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ,
organ system, organism
All the body systems? - Answer MR DICE RUNS:
Muscular, Respiratory, Digestive, Integumentary, Circulatory, Endocrine, Reproductive, Urinary,
Nervous, Skeletal
Ventral body cavities? - Answer Thoracic: right and left pleural, pericardial cavity
Abdominopelvic: abdominal (+peritoneal), pelvic
Bonus: mediastinum is NOT a cavity!
Outside in, what are the membranes that make up a cavity? Ex: the pericardial cavity - Answer
Fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, pericardial cavity (serous fluid), visceral pericardium.
What are mesenteries and what are they made of? - Answer Delivery pathway for nutrients
in and out of the abdominal cavity. Suspend organs in cavity. Made of double layer of visceral
peritoneal membrane, simple squamous epithelial tissue. Blood vessels and nerve tissue inside.
Percentages for all 3 body fluids? - Answer ICF: 67%
ISF: 26%
IVF: 7%
Liter amount for all 3 body fluids? - Answer ICF: 28.0L
ISF: 11.0L
IVF: 3.0L
Give a rundown of a female's TBW. - Answer 50% of total body weight
Total body water (TBW) = ~30L
1 cup water = ~0.8% TBW
, Typical water loss: ~2L/day
Give a rundown of a male's TBW. - Answer 60% of total body weight
Total body water (TBW) = ~42L
1 cup water = ~0.6% TBW
Typical water loss: ~2L/day
Go through vasodilation. - Answer Rise above 98.6°F, arterioles increase blood supply to
capillaries, greater in heat radiation, more sweating (evaporation effect).
Go through vasocontriction. - Answer Drop below 98.6°F, arterioles decrease blood supply to
capillaries, reduction in heat radiation, less sweating, shivering by muscles.
Normal human pH? And what's it called when you go above and below? - Answer Range:
7.35-7.45.
Above: alkalosis; too basic.
Below: acidosis; too acidic.
Bicarbonate buffer system equation and components? - Answer CO2 + H2O <-(ca)-> H2CO3 <-
> HCO3- + H+
Carbon dioxide, water, carbonic anhydrase, carbonic acid, bicarbonate ion, hydrogen ion
What organ manages the CO2 + H2O side of the equation and how? - Answer Lungs, minute
to minute by changing breathing. Quicker way of getting CO2 out and decreasing blood acidity.
What organ manages the HCO3- + H+ side of the equation and how? - Answer Kidneys,
hours/days/weeks by excreting H+ or HCO3- into the urine to make the blood less acidic/basic.
Explain Le Chatlier's Principle... - Answer When a change is imposed on a system at
equilibrium, the equilibrium will shift to counteract the change.
AKA: negative feedback!
What are the steps in parturition? - Answer POSITIVE FEEDBACK!
1. Sensory info: baby's head pushes against the bottom of the uterus (the cervix) and stretch
receptors activate!
2. Receptors: stretch receptors/ mechanoreceptors send info to the...
3. Integrator/ control center: hypothalamus
Correct Answers 2026 Updated.
What are the 4 main types of tissue in the human body? - Answer Epithelial, muscle, nerve,
connective
Levels of organization (smallest to largest)? - Answer atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ,
organ system, organism
All the body systems? - Answer MR DICE RUNS:
Muscular, Respiratory, Digestive, Integumentary, Circulatory, Endocrine, Reproductive, Urinary,
Nervous, Skeletal
Ventral body cavities? - Answer Thoracic: right and left pleural, pericardial cavity
Abdominopelvic: abdominal (+peritoneal), pelvic
Bonus: mediastinum is NOT a cavity!
Outside in, what are the membranes that make up a cavity? Ex: the pericardial cavity - Answer
Fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, pericardial cavity (serous fluid), visceral pericardium.
What are mesenteries and what are they made of? - Answer Delivery pathway for nutrients
in and out of the abdominal cavity. Suspend organs in cavity. Made of double layer of visceral
peritoneal membrane, simple squamous epithelial tissue. Blood vessels and nerve tissue inside.
Percentages for all 3 body fluids? - Answer ICF: 67%
ISF: 26%
IVF: 7%
Liter amount for all 3 body fluids? - Answer ICF: 28.0L
ISF: 11.0L
IVF: 3.0L
Give a rundown of a female's TBW. - Answer 50% of total body weight
Total body water (TBW) = ~30L
1 cup water = ~0.8% TBW
, Typical water loss: ~2L/day
Give a rundown of a male's TBW. - Answer 60% of total body weight
Total body water (TBW) = ~42L
1 cup water = ~0.6% TBW
Typical water loss: ~2L/day
Go through vasodilation. - Answer Rise above 98.6°F, arterioles increase blood supply to
capillaries, greater in heat radiation, more sweating (evaporation effect).
Go through vasocontriction. - Answer Drop below 98.6°F, arterioles decrease blood supply to
capillaries, reduction in heat radiation, less sweating, shivering by muscles.
Normal human pH? And what's it called when you go above and below? - Answer Range:
7.35-7.45.
Above: alkalosis; too basic.
Below: acidosis; too acidic.
Bicarbonate buffer system equation and components? - Answer CO2 + H2O <-(ca)-> H2CO3 <-
> HCO3- + H+
Carbon dioxide, water, carbonic anhydrase, carbonic acid, bicarbonate ion, hydrogen ion
What organ manages the CO2 + H2O side of the equation and how? - Answer Lungs, minute
to minute by changing breathing. Quicker way of getting CO2 out and decreasing blood acidity.
What organ manages the HCO3- + H+ side of the equation and how? - Answer Kidneys,
hours/days/weeks by excreting H+ or HCO3- into the urine to make the blood less acidic/basic.
Explain Le Chatlier's Principle... - Answer When a change is imposed on a system at
equilibrium, the equilibrium will shift to counteract the change.
AKA: negative feedback!
What are the steps in parturition? - Answer POSITIVE FEEDBACK!
1. Sensory info: baby's head pushes against the bottom of the uterus (the cervix) and stretch
receptors activate!
2. Receptors: stretch receptors/ mechanoreceptors send info to the...
3. Integrator/ control center: hypothalamus
