PCA EXAM INSECTS, MITES AND INVERTEBRATES STUDY
GUIDE EXAM LATEST 2026/2027 UPDATED VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS A+ PASS GUARANTEED
|COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH 100% ACCURATE
QUESTIONS &ANSWERS. EXCELLENCE GUARANTEED.
Chewing Mouthpart Answer: includes the labrum, mandibles, hypopharynx, and the labrum-
epipharynx
piercing-sucking mouthparts Answer: insect mouthparts in which a syringe-like structure pierces
plant cells and draws in its contents
Blood Feeding Mouthparts Answer: An elongated labium forms a protective sheath for the stylet
that carries enzymes that when the insect carries blood up it does not clot
rasping-sucking mouthparts Answer: Scrape the surface of the leaf away and then feed on the
sap using a cone shaped beak
Siphoning mouthparts Answer: Feeding tube is uncoiled and extended to suck liquids into the
mouth (butterfly)
Sponging mouthparts Answer: The mandibles and maxillae are nonfunctional, and the
remaining parts form a proboscis with a fan-shaped sponge at the tip, liquid food is mopped up
by the capillary action
Chewing-lapping mouthparts Answer: Modified mouthparts that occur in bees. Includes a
"tongue" that laps up liquids, as well as mandibles that can be used for various functions.
What orders of insects have chewing mouthparts Answer: Collembola, coleptera, dermaptera,
dictyoptera, diptera, ephemeroptera, hymenoptera, isoptera, lepidoptera, mecoptera, neurtopera,
odonata, orthoptera, plecoptera, psocoptera, thysanura
what insect orders have piercing-sucking mouthparts Answer: hemiptera, diptera, siphonaptera
How are piercing-sucking mouthparts different than chewing mouthparts Answer: they have a
modified labrum that acts as a pouch for protecting the maxillary stylets and mandibles/maxillae
that are sharpened like a needle
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,What are the main body parts of a adult insect Answer: head thorax and abdomen
What are the main body parts of a adult spider Answer: cephalothorax (head region) abdomen, 8
legs
What are the main body parts of a adult mite Answer: cephalothorax, abdomen, 6 pairs of
appendages- 4 legs and 2 pairs of mouthparts appendage
What is the proper name for grublike like body type Answer: scarabaeiform
What is the proper name for maggotlike like body type Answer: vermiform
Haltere wing type Answer: a hindwing that is reduced to a knobbed guidance organ, most
commonly found in diptera family of true flies
Tegmina wing type Answer: front wings that are completely leathery or parchment like in
texture, most common in grasshopper or crickets
Hemelytra wing type Answer: Front wings that are leathery or parchment-like at the base and
membranous near the tip in some true bug species
Elytra wing type Answer: Hard, sclerotized front wings that serve as protective covers for
membranous hind wings, most common in beetle like species
Scales wing type Answer: Membranous wings that may be coated with scale to provide color,
protection from predators, and temperature regulation
What is the function of the foregut in an insect Answer: Starts the breakdown of the ingested
food source
What is the function of the midgut in an insect Answer: continues the breakdown of the food
source by stripping away the nutritional portions of the food such as the proteins
What is the function of the hindgut in an insect Answer: final step in the digestive system if an
insect by pulling the moisture from the food and then passing it through the insects rectum
How does respiration take place Answer: insects used spiracles and tracheoles to intake oxygen
from the environment and expel carbon dioxide
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, Describe an insects circulatory system Answer: Insects operate with an open circulatory system
that means the hemolymph flows freely between muscle and body captivities, this system is also
responsible for moving hormones, nutrients, salts and other metabolic wastes. The system is
made up of three parts the dorsal vessel, and an aorta.
Describe an insects nervous system Answer: an insects nervous system is responsible for
receiving and integrating information from the environment and translating that information into
a series of reactions
What is a reflex action Answer: an action that is created purely from stimulus, no brain activity
is responsible for it
Describe the most common reproductive process in insects Answer: Sexual reproduction starts
with the fertilization of a viable egg with sperm that is passed through the oviduct of a female
What is parthenogenesis Answer: the reproduction of an ovum without fertilization, especially
as a normal process in some invertebrates and lower plants. Aphids, stick insects, water fleas,
and nematodes all use this process
What are the key functions of an exoskeleton Answer: protection and support
Describe the molting process Answer: The shedding of one exoskeleton and replacing it with a
larger one allowing for further growth
Apolysis Answer: Separation of old cuticle from epidermis
Ecdysis Answer: periodic shedding of the cuticle in arthropods or the outer skin in reptiles
What is the function of the ecdysone hormone Answer: a steroid hormone that stimulates
metamorphosis and regulates molting
What is the function of the juvenile hormone Answer: to inhibit the development of adult
characteristics causing the insect to remain as a nymph or larvae until the final stage of
development when the hormone is no longer produced
What does without metamorphosis mean Answer: does not have multiple instars that are
different from one another only changes in size from hatch (spring tails, silverfish, and lice)
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
GUIDE EXAM LATEST 2026/2027 UPDATED VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS A+ PASS GUARANTEED
|COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH 100% ACCURATE
QUESTIONS &ANSWERS. EXCELLENCE GUARANTEED.
Chewing Mouthpart Answer: includes the labrum, mandibles, hypopharynx, and the labrum-
epipharynx
piercing-sucking mouthparts Answer: insect mouthparts in which a syringe-like structure pierces
plant cells and draws in its contents
Blood Feeding Mouthparts Answer: An elongated labium forms a protective sheath for the stylet
that carries enzymes that when the insect carries blood up it does not clot
rasping-sucking mouthparts Answer: Scrape the surface of the leaf away and then feed on the
sap using a cone shaped beak
Siphoning mouthparts Answer: Feeding tube is uncoiled and extended to suck liquids into the
mouth (butterfly)
Sponging mouthparts Answer: The mandibles and maxillae are nonfunctional, and the
remaining parts form a proboscis with a fan-shaped sponge at the tip, liquid food is mopped up
by the capillary action
Chewing-lapping mouthparts Answer: Modified mouthparts that occur in bees. Includes a
"tongue" that laps up liquids, as well as mandibles that can be used for various functions.
What orders of insects have chewing mouthparts Answer: Collembola, coleptera, dermaptera,
dictyoptera, diptera, ephemeroptera, hymenoptera, isoptera, lepidoptera, mecoptera, neurtopera,
odonata, orthoptera, plecoptera, psocoptera, thysanura
what insect orders have piercing-sucking mouthparts Answer: hemiptera, diptera, siphonaptera
How are piercing-sucking mouthparts different than chewing mouthparts Answer: they have a
modified labrum that acts as a pouch for protecting the maxillary stylets and mandibles/maxillae
that are sharpened like a needle
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,What are the main body parts of a adult insect Answer: head thorax and abdomen
What are the main body parts of a adult spider Answer: cephalothorax (head region) abdomen, 8
legs
What are the main body parts of a adult mite Answer: cephalothorax, abdomen, 6 pairs of
appendages- 4 legs and 2 pairs of mouthparts appendage
What is the proper name for grublike like body type Answer: scarabaeiform
What is the proper name for maggotlike like body type Answer: vermiform
Haltere wing type Answer: a hindwing that is reduced to a knobbed guidance organ, most
commonly found in diptera family of true flies
Tegmina wing type Answer: front wings that are completely leathery or parchment like in
texture, most common in grasshopper or crickets
Hemelytra wing type Answer: Front wings that are leathery or parchment-like at the base and
membranous near the tip in some true bug species
Elytra wing type Answer: Hard, sclerotized front wings that serve as protective covers for
membranous hind wings, most common in beetle like species
Scales wing type Answer: Membranous wings that may be coated with scale to provide color,
protection from predators, and temperature regulation
What is the function of the foregut in an insect Answer: Starts the breakdown of the ingested
food source
What is the function of the midgut in an insect Answer: continues the breakdown of the food
source by stripping away the nutritional portions of the food such as the proteins
What is the function of the hindgut in an insect Answer: final step in the digestive system if an
insect by pulling the moisture from the food and then passing it through the insects rectum
How does respiration take place Answer: insects used spiracles and tracheoles to intake oxygen
from the environment and expel carbon dioxide
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, Describe an insects circulatory system Answer: Insects operate with an open circulatory system
that means the hemolymph flows freely between muscle and body captivities, this system is also
responsible for moving hormones, nutrients, salts and other metabolic wastes. The system is
made up of three parts the dorsal vessel, and an aorta.
Describe an insects nervous system Answer: an insects nervous system is responsible for
receiving and integrating information from the environment and translating that information into
a series of reactions
What is a reflex action Answer: an action that is created purely from stimulus, no brain activity
is responsible for it
Describe the most common reproductive process in insects Answer: Sexual reproduction starts
with the fertilization of a viable egg with sperm that is passed through the oviduct of a female
What is parthenogenesis Answer: the reproduction of an ovum without fertilization, especially
as a normal process in some invertebrates and lower plants. Aphids, stick insects, water fleas,
and nematodes all use this process
What are the key functions of an exoskeleton Answer: protection and support
Describe the molting process Answer: The shedding of one exoskeleton and replacing it with a
larger one allowing for further growth
Apolysis Answer: Separation of old cuticle from epidermis
Ecdysis Answer: periodic shedding of the cuticle in arthropods or the outer skin in reptiles
What is the function of the ecdysone hormone Answer: a steroid hormone that stimulates
metamorphosis and regulates molting
What is the function of the juvenile hormone Answer: to inhibit the development of adult
characteristics causing the insect to remain as a nymph or larvae until the final stage of
development when the hormone is no longer produced
What does without metamorphosis mean Answer: does not have multiple instars that are
different from one another only changes in size from hatch (spring tails, silverfish, and lice)
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
