NSG 170 Gas Exchange Exam with
Complete Solutions
How much oxygen is in room air? - ANSWER-21%
thoracic cavity - ANSWER-an airtight chamber
diaphragm - ANSWER-floor of the thoracic chamber
Breathing is what ratio? - ANSWER-1:2 ratio (inspiration is 1/3 of the respiration cycle,
expiration is 2/3 of respiratory cycle)
Ventilation - ANSWER-moving air in and out of the lungs
Conditions that hinder ventilation: - ANSWER-- Obesity
- Cirrhosis & Ascites
- Pregnancy
- Neurological disorders
- Head injuries
- Medications (opioids, anesthesia)
- Trauma to chest/ribs/muscles
- Restrictive lung diseases (asthma)
ABC - ANSWER-- Airways
- Breathing
- Circulation
Neurological system - ANSWER-Drives and controls (driving the "bus")
- Brain stem sends messages to the brain telling your body that you need more O2
Muscles - ANSWER-Respiratory pump
- Intercostal muscles help move diaphragm
- Diaphragm
Lungs - ANSWER-Gas exchange
* Happens in lungs and on a cellular level (O2 diffuses into the bloodstream and
attaches to hemoglobin)
, * Pulmonary Edema involved water/fluid in the lungs interstitially which hinders O2 from
getting to the alveoli and them the blood stream.
* CO2 moves easier and quicker than O2
Cardiovascular - ANSWER-Circulation and pump (works as transportation)
-
Capnography (ETCO2) - ANSWER-*Measures CO2 production, pulmonary perfusion,
alveolar ventilation, respiratory patterns, and elimination of CO2
- indirect monitor
30 torr or 3%-5% (alarms if goes above because it means the patient is not breathing
enough)
*Ventilation Tool
Arterial blood gas (ABG) - ANSWER-- Arterial blood gas results (ABG) - measures the
absolute O2 and partial pressure! * 70 is normal
*Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2)
- Absolute: most accurate
- Arterial blood gas measurement
Pulse Oximetry (SpO2) - ANSWER-- Pulse oximetry (SaO2) *94 or higher is normal
- Direct measurment
- Arterial blood gas measurement
Capnostream - ANSWER-Monitor at bedside that measures
- IPI
- Ventilation ( EtCO2 & RR)
- Perfusion (SpO2 & PR)
Patient Status IPI - ANSWER-10 Normal
8-9 Within normal range
7 Close to normal range - requires attention
Complete Solutions
How much oxygen is in room air? - ANSWER-21%
thoracic cavity - ANSWER-an airtight chamber
diaphragm - ANSWER-floor of the thoracic chamber
Breathing is what ratio? - ANSWER-1:2 ratio (inspiration is 1/3 of the respiration cycle,
expiration is 2/3 of respiratory cycle)
Ventilation - ANSWER-moving air in and out of the lungs
Conditions that hinder ventilation: - ANSWER-- Obesity
- Cirrhosis & Ascites
- Pregnancy
- Neurological disorders
- Head injuries
- Medications (opioids, anesthesia)
- Trauma to chest/ribs/muscles
- Restrictive lung diseases (asthma)
ABC - ANSWER-- Airways
- Breathing
- Circulation
Neurological system - ANSWER-Drives and controls (driving the "bus")
- Brain stem sends messages to the brain telling your body that you need more O2
Muscles - ANSWER-Respiratory pump
- Intercostal muscles help move diaphragm
- Diaphragm
Lungs - ANSWER-Gas exchange
* Happens in lungs and on a cellular level (O2 diffuses into the bloodstream and
attaches to hemoglobin)
, * Pulmonary Edema involved water/fluid in the lungs interstitially which hinders O2 from
getting to the alveoli and them the blood stream.
* CO2 moves easier and quicker than O2
Cardiovascular - ANSWER-Circulation and pump (works as transportation)
-
Capnography (ETCO2) - ANSWER-*Measures CO2 production, pulmonary perfusion,
alveolar ventilation, respiratory patterns, and elimination of CO2
- indirect monitor
30 torr or 3%-5% (alarms if goes above because it means the patient is not breathing
enough)
*Ventilation Tool
Arterial blood gas (ABG) - ANSWER-- Arterial blood gas results (ABG) - measures the
absolute O2 and partial pressure! * 70 is normal
*Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2)
- Absolute: most accurate
- Arterial blood gas measurement
Pulse Oximetry (SpO2) - ANSWER-- Pulse oximetry (SaO2) *94 or higher is normal
- Direct measurment
- Arterial blood gas measurement
Capnostream - ANSWER-Monitor at bedside that measures
- IPI
- Ventilation ( EtCO2 & RR)
- Perfusion (SpO2 & PR)
Patient Status IPI - ANSWER-10 Normal
8-9 Within normal range
7 Close to normal range - requires attention
