NSG 170 - Gas Exchange & Perfusion
Exam-Graded A
Which side of the heart pumps blood through the lungs to the pulmonary circulation? -
ANS-Right side
Which side of the heart pumps blood to all of the body tissues through systemic
circulation? - ANS-Left side
What is the main function of the circulatory system? - ANS-Transport -- also helps
regulate temperature
What is Laplace Law? - ANS-States that wall tension becomes greater as the radius
increases & that wall tension is also affected by wall thickness -increases as wall
becomes thinner, decreases as wall becomes thicker
What is the main vein of the heart? - ANS-Vena Cava
Preload vs. After-load - ANS-Preload: volume of blood pumped out
After-load: pressure it takes to pump blood out of the heart
Which hormone controls blood pressure? - ANS-Norepinephrine
The _______ are known as the exchange system. - ANS-Capillaries
What is the primary function of RBCs? - ANS-To carry oxygen to the body's tissues;
hemoglobin - oxygen carrying protein
What is the preferred antihypertensive medication given for uncomplicated
hypertension? - ANS-Thiazide Diuretics
What kind of antihypertensive medications are usually reserved for severe cases and
hypertensive crisis? - ANS-Vasodilators
What is monotherapy? When should it be used? - ANS-Tx of condition using one drug;
may simplify medication regimen/more affordable for older adults
How much sodium may a hypertensive patient consume a day? - ANS-No more than
100 mmol/day.
, What BP is considered a hypertensive emergency?
What medications should be used for tx? - ANS-BP > 180/120 -- must be lowered
immediately to prevent further organ damage
Tx: IV vasodilators -- sodium nitroprusside, nicardipine, nitroglycerin, enalaprilat,
fenoldopam
What is considered a hypertensive urgency?
What medications should be used for tx? - ANS-BP > 180/120 -- no evidence of organ
damage
Tx: fast acting oral agents -- beta-adrenergic blockers (labetalol), angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitor (captopril), Alpha 2 agonist (clonidine)
What is a priority assessment for a patient receiving IV vasodilators? - ANS-Intake &
output
What is gestational hypertension? - ANS-A TEMPORARY diagnosis identified after 20
weeks gestation WITHOUT proteinuria; 140/90
What is preeclampsia? - ANS-Hypertensive disorder in pregnant women occurring after
20 weeks gestation WITH proteinuria
What is HELLP Syndrome? - ANS-A severe complication of preeclampsia developing
within 22-36wks. Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count.
What is Eclampsia? What helps prevent it? Tx? - ANS-Same S/S as preeclampsia but
including SEIZURES
Prevent by low dose aspirin
Tx: delivery of placenta
What is chronic hypertension in maternal patients? - ANS-BP > 140/90 BEFORE
pregnancy or before 20 weeks gestation
What drug is given to maternal patients experiencing preeclampsia/eclampsia? - ANS-
Magnesium Sulfate
What does it mean if your patient tells you their claudication is unrelieved with rest? -
ANS-That their PAD has moved into the most severe stage.
Is PVD or PAD worse? Why? - ANS-PAD is worse because it means there is an
OXYGENATION problem and could lead to amputation.
What are the 6 P's of Peripheral Vascular Disease? - ANS-Polar, Parasthesis, Pulses,
Paralysis, Pallor, Pain
What are the causes of Peripheral Vascular Disease? - ANS-Smoking, diabetes, high
cholesterol, hypertension
Exam-Graded A
Which side of the heart pumps blood through the lungs to the pulmonary circulation? -
ANS-Right side
Which side of the heart pumps blood to all of the body tissues through systemic
circulation? - ANS-Left side
What is the main function of the circulatory system? - ANS-Transport -- also helps
regulate temperature
What is Laplace Law? - ANS-States that wall tension becomes greater as the radius
increases & that wall tension is also affected by wall thickness -increases as wall
becomes thinner, decreases as wall becomes thicker
What is the main vein of the heart? - ANS-Vena Cava
Preload vs. After-load - ANS-Preload: volume of blood pumped out
After-load: pressure it takes to pump blood out of the heart
Which hormone controls blood pressure? - ANS-Norepinephrine
The _______ are known as the exchange system. - ANS-Capillaries
What is the primary function of RBCs? - ANS-To carry oxygen to the body's tissues;
hemoglobin - oxygen carrying protein
What is the preferred antihypertensive medication given for uncomplicated
hypertension? - ANS-Thiazide Diuretics
What kind of antihypertensive medications are usually reserved for severe cases and
hypertensive crisis? - ANS-Vasodilators
What is monotherapy? When should it be used? - ANS-Tx of condition using one drug;
may simplify medication regimen/more affordable for older adults
How much sodium may a hypertensive patient consume a day? - ANS-No more than
100 mmol/day.
, What BP is considered a hypertensive emergency?
What medications should be used for tx? - ANS-BP > 180/120 -- must be lowered
immediately to prevent further organ damage
Tx: IV vasodilators -- sodium nitroprusside, nicardipine, nitroglycerin, enalaprilat,
fenoldopam
What is considered a hypertensive urgency?
What medications should be used for tx? - ANS-BP > 180/120 -- no evidence of organ
damage
Tx: fast acting oral agents -- beta-adrenergic blockers (labetalol), angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitor (captopril), Alpha 2 agonist (clonidine)
What is a priority assessment for a patient receiving IV vasodilators? - ANS-Intake &
output
What is gestational hypertension? - ANS-A TEMPORARY diagnosis identified after 20
weeks gestation WITHOUT proteinuria; 140/90
What is preeclampsia? - ANS-Hypertensive disorder in pregnant women occurring after
20 weeks gestation WITH proteinuria
What is HELLP Syndrome? - ANS-A severe complication of preeclampsia developing
within 22-36wks. Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count.
What is Eclampsia? What helps prevent it? Tx? - ANS-Same S/S as preeclampsia but
including SEIZURES
Prevent by low dose aspirin
Tx: delivery of placenta
What is chronic hypertension in maternal patients? - ANS-BP > 140/90 BEFORE
pregnancy or before 20 weeks gestation
What drug is given to maternal patients experiencing preeclampsia/eclampsia? - ANS-
Magnesium Sulfate
What does it mean if your patient tells you their claudication is unrelieved with rest? -
ANS-That their PAD has moved into the most severe stage.
Is PVD or PAD worse? Why? - ANS-PAD is worse because it means there is an
OXYGENATION problem and could lead to amputation.
What are the 6 P's of Peripheral Vascular Disease? - ANS-Polar, Parasthesis, Pulses,
Paralysis, Pallor, Pain
What are the causes of Peripheral Vascular Disease? - ANS-Smoking, diabetes, high
cholesterol, hypertension
