BIOL 2401: Lecture Exam 3 Questions
with Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2026
Updated.
Synarthrosis - Answer Immovable joint
Amphiarthrosis - Answer Slightly movable joint
Diarthrosis - Answer Movable joint
Bony (Synostosis), Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial - Answer Structural classifications of joints
Decreases - Answer As the mobility of joint increases, stability _______ (example:
glenohumeral joint)
Synarthrosis, Gomphosis, Syndesmosis - Answer Subclasses of fibrous joints
Sutures (short collagen) - Answer Example of synarthrosis joint
Tooth socket (periodontal ligament and collagen) - Answer Example of gomphosis joint
Radius/ulna (interosseous membrane, long collagen) and tibia/fibula (less mobile) - Answer
Examples of syndesmosis
Synchondrosis and Symphysis - Answer Subclasses of Cartilaginous joints
Epiphyseal and 1st rib to sternum - Answer Examples of synchondrosis joints
Interpubic disc and interverterbral discs - Answer Examples of symphysis joints
Articular cartilage, Articular joint cavity (fibrous capsule and synovial membrane), Articular joint
capsule (continuous with periosteum, synovial membrane = macrophages), and Synovial Fluid -
Answer Four unique components of a synovial joint
Forms a pad between articulating bones and crosses entire joint (example: tempormandibular
joint) - Answer Role of cartilaginous disc in some synovial joints
,Tendon, ligament, bursa, tendon sheath - Answer Four accessory structures in synovial joints
Muscle to bone attachment - Answer Tendon
Bone to bone attachment - Answer Ligament
Sac between muscles, between m and bone, between bone and skin - Answer Bursa
Bursa wrapped around tendon - Answer Tendon sheath
Warms synovial fluid to make it less viscous (easily absorbed by cartilage which swells and
cushions better), weeping lubrication - Answer Explain the effect of exercise on articular
cartilage
Degrees through which a joint can move - Answer Range of Motion (ROM)
Structure of articular surfaces, strength and tautness of ligaments and joint capsules, action of
muscles and tendons - Answer Three things that determine range of motion at a joint
Angle decreases - Answer Flexion
Trunk or head away from midsagittal plane - Answer Lateral flexion
Toward thumb - Answer Radial flexion
Toward pinky - Answer Ulnar flexion
Dorsiflexion - Answer Elevates toes
Plantar flexion - Answer Points toes down
Straighten/zero position/increase angle - Answer Extension
Beyond zero position - Answer Hyperextension
, Away from midline - Answer Abduction
Moves thumb anteriorly - Answer Palmar abduction
Returns thumb to zero - Answer Reposition
Moves thumb to fingertip - Answer Opposition
Toward midline - Answer Adduction
Raises - Answer Elevation
Lowers - Answer Depression
Anterior movement - Answer Protraction
Posterior movement - Answer Retraction
Circular movement - Answer Circumduction
Palm anterior - Answer Supination
Palm posterior - Answer Pronation
Lateral (side), Medial (zero), Grinding teeth - Answer Excursion
Soles medial - Answer Inversion
Soles lateral - Answer Eversion
Hemispherical heads in socket, Multiaxial (flexion, extension, ab-/ad-duction, rotation),
examples: shoulder/hip - Answer Ball and socket (description and movements and examples)
Oval convex surface in depression, Biaxial (flexion, extension, ad/abduction), examples:
radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal - Answer Condylar (description and movements and
examples)
with Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2026
Updated.
Synarthrosis - Answer Immovable joint
Amphiarthrosis - Answer Slightly movable joint
Diarthrosis - Answer Movable joint
Bony (Synostosis), Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial - Answer Structural classifications of joints
Decreases - Answer As the mobility of joint increases, stability _______ (example:
glenohumeral joint)
Synarthrosis, Gomphosis, Syndesmosis - Answer Subclasses of fibrous joints
Sutures (short collagen) - Answer Example of synarthrosis joint
Tooth socket (periodontal ligament and collagen) - Answer Example of gomphosis joint
Radius/ulna (interosseous membrane, long collagen) and tibia/fibula (less mobile) - Answer
Examples of syndesmosis
Synchondrosis and Symphysis - Answer Subclasses of Cartilaginous joints
Epiphyseal and 1st rib to sternum - Answer Examples of synchondrosis joints
Interpubic disc and interverterbral discs - Answer Examples of symphysis joints
Articular cartilage, Articular joint cavity (fibrous capsule and synovial membrane), Articular joint
capsule (continuous with periosteum, synovial membrane = macrophages), and Synovial Fluid -
Answer Four unique components of a synovial joint
Forms a pad between articulating bones and crosses entire joint (example: tempormandibular
joint) - Answer Role of cartilaginous disc in some synovial joints
,Tendon, ligament, bursa, tendon sheath - Answer Four accessory structures in synovial joints
Muscle to bone attachment - Answer Tendon
Bone to bone attachment - Answer Ligament
Sac between muscles, between m and bone, between bone and skin - Answer Bursa
Bursa wrapped around tendon - Answer Tendon sheath
Warms synovial fluid to make it less viscous (easily absorbed by cartilage which swells and
cushions better), weeping lubrication - Answer Explain the effect of exercise on articular
cartilage
Degrees through which a joint can move - Answer Range of Motion (ROM)
Structure of articular surfaces, strength and tautness of ligaments and joint capsules, action of
muscles and tendons - Answer Three things that determine range of motion at a joint
Angle decreases - Answer Flexion
Trunk or head away from midsagittal plane - Answer Lateral flexion
Toward thumb - Answer Radial flexion
Toward pinky - Answer Ulnar flexion
Dorsiflexion - Answer Elevates toes
Plantar flexion - Answer Points toes down
Straighten/zero position/increase angle - Answer Extension
Beyond zero position - Answer Hyperextension
, Away from midline - Answer Abduction
Moves thumb anteriorly - Answer Palmar abduction
Returns thumb to zero - Answer Reposition
Moves thumb to fingertip - Answer Opposition
Toward midline - Answer Adduction
Raises - Answer Elevation
Lowers - Answer Depression
Anterior movement - Answer Protraction
Posterior movement - Answer Retraction
Circular movement - Answer Circumduction
Palm anterior - Answer Supination
Palm posterior - Answer Pronation
Lateral (side), Medial (zero), Grinding teeth - Answer Excursion
Soles medial - Answer Inversion
Soles lateral - Answer Eversion
Hemispherical heads in socket, Multiaxial (flexion, extension, ab-/ad-duction, rotation),
examples: shoulder/hip - Answer Ball and socket (description and movements and examples)
Oval convex surface in depression, Biaxial (flexion, extension, ad/abduction), examples:
radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal - Answer Condylar (description and movements and
examples)
