BIOL 2401: ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY 1 EXAM 2 STUDY
GUIDE (CH 5 & 6) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS.
SKIN - Answer largest organ of human body
PARTS OF SKIN - Answer epidermis and dermis
FUNCTIONS OF SKIN - Answer 1) protection from UV rays and microorganisms
2) sensation of heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain
3) temperature regulation via sweat
4) vitamin D production from UV light
5) excretion of waste products
EPIDERMIS - Answer superficial layer of epithelium; also known as keratinized stratified
squamous epithelium
CELLS OF EPIDERMIS - Answer merkel, langerhan, keratinocytes, and melanocytes
KEROTINOCYTES - Answer produce protein keratin, which waterproofs skin
MELANOCYTES - Answer produces pigment melanin, exist in the lower portion of epidermis
LAYERS OF EPIDERMIS - Answer 1) stratum corneum
2) stratum lucidum
3) stratum granulosum
4) stratum spinosum
5) stratum basale
, STRATUM CORNEUM - Answer 25-30 layers of flat, dead squamous cells completely filled
with keratin; always shed and replaced by deeper cells
STRATUM LUCIDUM - Answer 3-5 layers of clear, flat dead cells; found only in palms and soles
of feet
STRATUM GRANULOSUM - Answer 3-5 layers of cells; keratin is formed here and
keratinocytes begin to degenerate
STRATUM SPINOSUM - Answer 8-10 layers of cells; uptake of melanin from melanocytes to
keratinocytes via pinocytosis
STRATUM BASALE - Answer single layer of cells continually going through mitosis producing
new keratinocytes; melanocytes found in this layer
PIGMENTS OF SKIN - Answer melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin
MELANIN - Answer 1) most important pigment in skin, hair, and eyes
2) color ranges from yellow to reddish-brown to black
3) produced in melanocytes
4) determined by genetics, exposure to light, and hormones
TYROSINASE - Answer enzyme that synthesizes tyrosine into melanin
ALBINISM - Answer lack of melanin formation
CAROTENE - Answer yellowish-orange pigment typically obtain from diet such as carrots
HEMOGLOBIN - Answer red pigment found in RBC that carry oxygen
DERMIS - Answer composed of connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers
COLLAGEN - Answer protein that gives connective tissue strength and pliability; most
abundant protein in CT
PHYSIOLOGY 1 EXAM 2 STUDY
GUIDE (CH 5 & 6) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS.
SKIN - Answer largest organ of human body
PARTS OF SKIN - Answer epidermis and dermis
FUNCTIONS OF SKIN - Answer 1) protection from UV rays and microorganisms
2) sensation of heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain
3) temperature regulation via sweat
4) vitamin D production from UV light
5) excretion of waste products
EPIDERMIS - Answer superficial layer of epithelium; also known as keratinized stratified
squamous epithelium
CELLS OF EPIDERMIS - Answer merkel, langerhan, keratinocytes, and melanocytes
KEROTINOCYTES - Answer produce protein keratin, which waterproofs skin
MELANOCYTES - Answer produces pigment melanin, exist in the lower portion of epidermis
LAYERS OF EPIDERMIS - Answer 1) stratum corneum
2) stratum lucidum
3) stratum granulosum
4) stratum spinosum
5) stratum basale
, STRATUM CORNEUM - Answer 25-30 layers of flat, dead squamous cells completely filled
with keratin; always shed and replaced by deeper cells
STRATUM LUCIDUM - Answer 3-5 layers of clear, flat dead cells; found only in palms and soles
of feet
STRATUM GRANULOSUM - Answer 3-5 layers of cells; keratin is formed here and
keratinocytes begin to degenerate
STRATUM SPINOSUM - Answer 8-10 layers of cells; uptake of melanin from melanocytes to
keratinocytes via pinocytosis
STRATUM BASALE - Answer single layer of cells continually going through mitosis producing
new keratinocytes; melanocytes found in this layer
PIGMENTS OF SKIN - Answer melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin
MELANIN - Answer 1) most important pigment in skin, hair, and eyes
2) color ranges from yellow to reddish-brown to black
3) produced in melanocytes
4) determined by genetics, exposure to light, and hormones
TYROSINASE - Answer enzyme that synthesizes tyrosine into melanin
ALBINISM - Answer lack of melanin formation
CAROTENE - Answer yellowish-orange pigment typically obtain from diet such as carrots
HEMOGLOBIN - Answer red pigment found in RBC that carry oxygen
DERMIS - Answer composed of connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers
COLLAGEN - Answer protein that gives connective tissue strength and pliability; most
abundant protein in CT
