NSG 170 Exam 1 Questions with
Verified Solutions
body fluids required for homeostasis - ANSWER-blood, serum, albumin, urine, bile,
hormones, cerebrospinal fluid
conditions that create imbalance of fluids and electrolytes - ANSWER-gastroenteritis
burns
kidney disorders
NPO
anorexia/bulemia
dehydration
exercise in hot conditions
water - ANSWER--vital to health
-normal cellular functioning medium for metabolic reactions
-transports nutrients and waste products
-acts as lubricant insulator and shock absorber
-helps to regulate and maintain body temperature
total body water affected by - ANSWER-gender and body size
more obese= less muscle, more fat, less water
women=more body fat, less body fluid
intracellular fluid - ANSWER--found within the cell
-approximately two-thirds of adult body fluid
-vital to normal cell functioning
-contains solutes (oxygen, electrolytes and glucose)
primary cations of intracellular fluid - ANSWER-potassium, magnesium
major anions of intracellular fluid - ANSWER-phosphate and sulfate
extracellular fluid - ANSWER--fluid outside the cell
-one third of total body fluids
-two compartments
-what labs measure
two compartments of extracellular fluid - ANSWER-1. intravascular fluid
-20% of ECF
-found within vascular system
,2. interstitial
-75% of ECF
-surrounds the cells
extracellular fluid (ECF) - ANSWER-principal electrolytes: sodium, chloride, bicarbonate
smaller quantities electrolytes: potassium, calcium, magnesium
acts as transport system
carries nutrients to cells, waste products from cells
What does intravascular fluid (plasma) have that interstitial doesnt? - ANSWER-Protein
(Albumin)
other components of extracellular fluid - ANSWER-1. lymph
2. transcellular fluid
-CSF, pericardial, pancreatic, pleura, intraocular
-bilary, peritoneal and synovial fluids
Movement of body fluid across cell and capillary membranes accomplished by
________ - ANSWER--osmosis
-diffusion
-filtration
-active transport
osmosis - ANSWER-movement of water across cell membranes from less concentrated
solution to more concentrated solution
soultes - ANSWER-crystalloids, colloids
include electrolytes, O2, CO2, glucose, urea, amino acids, proteins
crystalloids - ANSWER-salts that dissolve readily into true solutions
examples NS, LR
colloids - ANSWER-Protein substances that increase the colloid oncotic pressure
solvent - ANSWER-The component of a solution that can dissolve a solute
water is the solvent in the body
osmolality - ANSWER-the concentration of solutes in body fluids
, tonicity - ANSWER-the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose
water
osmolality of a solution
isotonic solution - ANSWER-A solution in which the concentration of solutes is
essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution- no movement across
the cell membrane
same osmolality as body fluids
loss of equal amount of fluid and electrolytes
examples of isotonic solutions - ANSWER-normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride)
lactated ringers
Lactated Ringers (LR) and Normal Saline are used for what conditions? - ANSWER--
hypotensive and hypovolemic patients
-volume expansion
hypertonic solution - ANSWER-A solution in which the concentration of solutes is
greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution; higher osmolality than body
fluids
loss of more water than electrolytes
pulls fluid from the cell into the vascular space
used with pts with elevated intracranial pressure
Examples of hypertonic solutions - ANSWER-3% Sodium Chloride
D5NS- 5% dextrose added
D5LR- 5% dextrose added
hypotonic solutions - ANSWER-lower osmolality than body fluids
less solute than hypertonic fluids
causes fluids to move into cells
used for dehydration and hypernatremia
examples of hypotonic fluids - ANSWER-0.45% NS
D5 0.45%NS
Verified Solutions
body fluids required for homeostasis - ANSWER-blood, serum, albumin, urine, bile,
hormones, cerebrospinal fluid
conditions that create imbalance of fluids and electrolytes - ANSWER-gastroenteritis
burns
kidney disorders
NPO
anorexia/bulemia
dehydration
exercise in hot conditions
water - ANSWER--vital to health
-normal cellular functioning medium for metabolic reactions
-transports nutrients and waste products
-acts as lubricant insulator and shock absorber
-helps to regulate and maintain body temperature
total body water affected by - ANSWER-gender and body size
more obese= less muscle, more fat, less water
women=more body fat, less body fluid
intracellular fluid - ANSWER--found within the cell
-approximately two-thirds of adult body fluid
-vital to normal cell functioning
-contains solutes (oxygen, electrolytes and glucose)
primary cations of intracellular fluid - ANSWER-potassium, magnesium
major anions of intracellular fluid - ANSWER-phosphate and sulfate
extracellular fluid - ANSWER--fluid outside the cell
-one third of total body fluids
-two compartments
-what labs measure
two compartments of extracellular fluid - ANSWER-1. intravascular fluid
-20% of ECF
-found within vascular system
,2. interstitial
-75% of ECF
-surrounds the cells
extracellular fluid (ECF) - ANSWER-principal electrolytes: sodium, chloride, bicarbonate
smaller quantities electrolytes: potassium, calcium, magnesium
acts as transport system
carries nutrients to cells, waste products from cells
What does intravascular fluid (plasma) have that interstitial doesnt? - ANSWER-Protein
(Albumin)
other components of extracellular fluid - ANSWER-1. lymph
2. transcellular fluid
-CSF, pericardial, pancreatic, pleura, intraocular
-bilary, peritoneal and synovial fluids
Movement of body fluid across cell and capillary membranes accomplished by
________ - ANSWER--osmosis
-diffusion
-filtration
-active transport
osmosis - ANSWER-movement of water across cell membranes from less concentrated
solution to more concentrated solution
soultes - ANSWER-crystalloids, colloids
include electrolytes, O2, CO2, glucose, urea, amino acids, proteins
crystalloids - ANSWER-salts that dissolve readily into true solutions
examples NS, LR
colloids - ANSWER-Protein substances that increase the colloid oncotic pressure
solvent - ANSWER-The component of a solution that can dissolve a solute
water is the solvent in the body
osmolality - ANSWER-the concentration of solutes in body fluids
, tonicity - ANSWER-the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose
water
osmolality of a solution
isotonic solution - ANSWER-A solution in which the concentration of solutes is
essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution- no movement across
the cell membrane
same osmolality as body fluids
loss of equal amount of fluid and electrolytes
examples of isotonic solutions - ANSWER-normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride)
lactated ringers
Lactated Ringers (LR) and Normal Saline are used for what conditions? - ANSWER--
hypotensive and hypovolemic patients
-volume expansion
hypertonic solution - ANSWER-A solution in which the concentration of solutes is
greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution; higher osmolality than body
fluids
loss of more water than electrolytes
pulls fluid from the cell into the vascular space
used with pts with elevated intracranial pressure
Examples of hypertonic solutions - ANSWER-3% Sodium Chloride
D5NS- 5% dextrose added
D5LR- 5% dextrose added
hypotonic solutions - ANSWER-lower osmolality than body fluids
less solute than hypertonic fluids
causes fluids to move into cells
used for dehydration and hypernatremia
examples of hypotonic fluids - ANSWER-0.45% NS
D5 0.45%NS
