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, What is business analytics? The practice of using data, statistical methods, and computational tools to
support better business decisions.
What is the goal of business analytics? To produce understanding that leads to action, not just numbers.
What are the four stages of converting raw data into Data → Insight → Decision → Action
decisions?
What does raw data represent? Facts with no context.
How does analytics inform decision-making? Analytics provides insights that inform judgment but does not replace it.
What are the three forces making analytics central to Data volume, computing power, and competitive pressure.
business?
What is descriptive analytics? Analytics that summarizes and visualizes historical data to understand past
performance.
What key question does predictive analytics answer? What will happen?
What is prescriptive analytics? Analytics that finds the best decision given goals, constraints, and predictive
model outputs.
What is a quantitative variable? A variable that holds numeric values representing measurable quantities.
What is a qualitative variable? A variable that holds labels or categories, where arithmetic is not meaningful.
What is a cross-sectional dataset? A dataset with many subjects measured at one point in time.
What is a time series dataset? A dataset with one subject measured repeatedly over time.
What is a panel (longitudinal) dataset? A dataset with multiple subjects measured across multiple time periods.
What is the relationship between variables and datasets? Variables are characteristics being measured, while datasets are collections of
variables and observations.
What is the key question for descriptive analytics? What happened?