LEADERSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION EXAMS SET
FULL QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE
SOLUTION
●● 1900-1929 Leadership
Answer: Emphasized control and centralization of power with a
common theme of DOMINATION.
The ability to impress the will of the leader on those led and induce
obedience, respect, loyalty, and cooperation.
●● 1930s Leadership
Answer: Traits became the focus of defining leadership (INFLUENCE
rather than domination); while the attitudes and activities of the many
may be changed by the one, the many may also influence the leader.
●● 1940s Leadership
Answer: The group approach - defined as the behavior of an individual
while involved in DIRECTING group activities. Leadership by
PERSUASION was distinguished from drivership or coercion.
●● 1950s Leadership
Answer: 1) continuance of group theory (what leaders do in groups);
, 2) leadership as a relationship that develops shared goals (defined
leadership based on behavior of the leader);
3) effectiveness (leadership defined by the ability to influence overall
group effectiveness)
●● 1960s Leadership
Answer: Behavior that influences people toward shared goals; acts by
persons which influence other persons in a shared direction
●● 1970s Leadership
Answer: Organizational behavior approach - viewed as initiating and
maintaining groups or organizations to accomplish group or
organizational goals; a reciprocal process of mobilizing by persons with
certain motives and values, various economic, political, and other
resources in a context of competition and conflict to realize goals,
independently or mutually held by both leaders and followers.
●● 1980s Leadership
Answer: Do as the leader wishes (leadership is getting followers to do
what the leader wants done);
Influence (non coercive influence;
Traits (trait orientation - leader traits);
Transformation (leadership occurs when one or more persons engage
with others in such a way that leaders and followers raise one another to
higher levels of motivation and morality)
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION EXAMS SET
FULL QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE
SOLUTION
●● 1900-1929 Leadership
Answer: Emphasized control and centralization of power with a
common theme of DOMINATION.
The ability to impress the will of the leader on those led and induce
obedience, respect, loyalty, and cooperation.
●● 1930s Leadership
Answer: Traits became the focus of defining leadership (INFLUENCE
rather than domination); while the attitudes and activities of the many
may be changed by the one, the many may also influence the leader.
●● 1940s Leadership
Answer: The group approach - defined as the behavior of an individual
while involved in DIRECTING group activities. Leadership by
PERSUASION was distinguished from drivership or coercion.
●● 1950s Leadership
Answer: 1) continuance of group theory (what leaders do in groups);
, 2) leadership as a relationship that develops shared goals (defined
leadership based on behavior of the leader);
3) effectiveness (leadership defined by the ability to influence overall
group effectiveness)
●● 1960s Leadership
Answer: Behavior that influences people toward shared goals; acts by
persons which influence other persons in a shared direction
●● 1970s Leadership
Answer: Organizational behavior approach - viewed as initiating and
maintaining groups or organizations to accomplish group or
organizational goals; a reciprocal process of mobilizing by persons with
certain motives and values, various economic, political, and other
resources in a context of competition and conflict to realize goals,
independently or mutually held by both leaders and followers.
●● 1980s Leadership
Answer: Do as the leader wishes (leadership is getting followers to do
what the leader wants done);
Influence (non coercive influence;
Traits (trait orientation - leader traits);
Transformation (leadership occurs when one or more persons engage
with others in such a way that leaders and followers raise one another to
higher levels of motivation and morality)
