UA BSC 108 FINAL STUDY GUIDE 2026
TESTED ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ What is DNA composed of?
Answer: nucleotide subunits
⩥ What is the backbone of DNA?
Answer: deoxyribose and a phosphate group
⩥ What is the backbone of DNA covalently bonded to?
Answer: nitrogen-containing bases
⩥ How many strands of DNA does a DNA molecule contain?
Answer: two
⩥ The two strands of DNA are:
Answer: complementary
⩥ What are the nitrogen-containing bases in DNA?
Answer: adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine
,⩥ How are the nitrogen-containing bases held together?
Answer: hydrogen bonds
⩥ What bases pair together?
Answer: adenine=thymine
guanine=cytosine
⩥ How does DNA replicate?
Answer: DNA molecule unwinds and each strand is a template for
complementary base pairing; each daughter helix contains an intact
strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand therefore
DNA replication is semiconservative
⩥ One parent molecule is composed of two __________________ that
separate.
Answer: complementary strands
⩥ Each strand is used as a ______________ to make a new strand.
Answer: template
⩥ What are the two daughter molecules composed of?
Answer: One "old" (parent) strand and one "new" (synthesized) strand
, ⩥ Where do parent strands separate?
Answer: origins of replication
⩥ Where and how does synthesis of two new complementary strands
occur?
Answer: replication bubbles, using the parent strands as templates
⩥ What do the replication bubbles do as DNA replication progresses in
both directions at the replication forks?
Answer: merge
⩥ How does an organism's DNA lead to specific traits?
Answer: by dictating the synthesis of proteins
⩥ What is the structure of RNA?
Answer: single-stranded nucleic acid
⩥ RNA contains ________ instead of thymine.
Answer: Uracil
⩥ What sugar is used in RNA?
Answer: ribose
TESTED ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ What is DNA composed of?
Answer: nucleotide subunits
⩥ What is the backbone of DNA?
Answer: deoxyribose and a phosphate group
⩥ What is the backbone of DNA covalently bonded to?
Answer: nitrogen-containing bases
⩥ How many strands of DNA does a DNA molecule contain?
Answer: two
⩥ The two strands of DNA are:
Answer: complementary
⩥ What are the nitrogen-containing bases in DNA?
Answer: adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine
,⩥ How are the nitrogen-containing bases held together?
Answer: hydrogen bonds
⩥ What bases pair together?
Answer: adenine=thymine
guanine=cytosine
⩥ How does DNA replicate?
Answer: DNA molecule unwinds and each strand is a template for
complementary base pairing; each daughter helix contains an intact
strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand therefore
DNA replication is semiconservative
⩥ One parent molecule is composed of two __________________ that
separate.
Answer: complementary strands
⩥ Each strand is used as a ______________ to make a new strand.
Answer: template
⩥ What are the two daughter molecules composed of?
Answer: One "old" (parent) strand and one "new" (synthesized) strand
, ⩥ Where do parent strands separate?
Answer: origins of replication
⩥ Where and how does synthesis of two new complementary strands
occur?
Answer: replication bubbles, using the parent strands as templates
⩥ What do the replication bubbles do as DNA replication progresses in
both directions at the replication forks?
Answer: merge
⩥ How does an organism's DNA lead to specific traits?
Answer: by dictating the synthesis of proteins
⩥ What is the structure of RNA?
Answer: single-stranded nucleic acid
⩥ RNA contains ________ instead of thymine.
Answer: Uracil
⩥ What sugar is used in RNA?
Answer: ribose
