NURS 231/BIOD 331 Pathophysiology
Module 4 Exam – 2 Versions & Study
Guide | Portage Learning 2026/2027
Update
1. The coagulation cascade involves each of the following EXCEPT:
• A) Vascular constriction
• B) Formation of a platelet plug
• C) Blood coagulation
• D) Vascular dilation
Correct ,,,answer,,,: D) Vascular dilation
Rationale: Hemostasis consists of three stages: (1) vascular constriction, (2)
formation of a platelet plug, and (3) blood coagulation. Vascular dilation would
promote rather than prevent bleeding and is not part of the coagulation cascade .
2. Which of the following medications would decrease a person's risk for
clotting? Select all that apply.
• A) Heparin
• B) Warfarin
• C) Lovenox (enoxaparin)
, • D) Vitamin K
Correct ,,,answer,,,: A, B, C) Heparin, Warfarin, and Lovenox
Rationale: Heparin, warfarin, and Lovenox are anticoagulants. Heparin and Lovenox
enhance antithrombin III activity, while warfarin inhibits vitamin K-dependent
synthesis of clotting factors. Vitamin K promotes clotting factor synthesis .
3. Deficiency in which of the following would lead to a hypercoagulable state?
Select all that apply.
• A) Protein C
• B) Protein S
• C) Antithrombin III
• D) Factor VIII
Correct ,,,answer,,,: A, B, C) Protein C, Protein S, and Antithrombin III
Rationale: Protein C, Protein S, and Antithrombin III are endogenous anticoagulants.
Deficiencies increase the risk for hypercoagulable states. Factor VIII deficiency
causes hemophilia A (bleeding disorder) .
4. Which of the following is NOT a hypercoagulable state? Select all that apply.
• A) Hemophilia A
• B) Hemophilia B
• C) Thrombocytopenia
• D) Congestive heart failure
,Correct ,,,answer,,,: A, B, C) Hemophilia A, Hemophilia B, and
Thrombocytopenia
Rationale: Hemophilia A and B are bleeding disorders caused by deficiencies of
clotting factors VIII and IX. Thrombocytopenia is decreased platelet count
associated with bleeding, not thrombosis. CHF is a hypercoagulable state .
5. Which of the following is a hypercoagulable state? Select all that apply.
• A) Congestive heart failure
• B) Smoking
• C) Postsurgical state
• D) Hemophilia A
Correct ,,,answer,,,: A, B, C) Congestive heart failure, Smoking, and
Postsurgical state
Rationale: Hypercoagulable states are promoted by postsurgical state, CHF
(sluggish blood flow), and smoking (endothelial injury). Hemophilia A is associated
with hypocoagulability .
6. Which defect is associated with hemophilia A?
• A) Defective gene on chromosome 11
• B) Defective gene in the X chromosome
• C) Autosomal dominant inheritance
• D) Platelet function abnormality
, Correct ,,,answer,,,: B) Defective gene in the X chromosome
Rationale: Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder due to deficiency of
clotting factor VIII. The defective gene is located on the X chromosome .
7. Which of the following is FALSE of disseminated intravascular coagulation
(DIC)? Select all that apply.
• A) Obstetric disorders are the main cause of DIC
• B) Lab results show a decreased PT, PTT
• C) Sepsis is a common cause
• D) Trauma can precipitate DIC
Correct ,,,answer,,,: A, B) Obstetric disorders are the main cause of DIC AND
Lab results show a decreased PT, PTT
Rationale: Although obstetric disorders can precipitate DIC, sepsis and trauma are
also common causes. DIC is characterized by increased (not decreased) PT and
PTT due to consumption of clotting factors .
8. Which of the following are TRUE of hemophilia A? Select all that apply.
• A) Spontaneous joint bleeding can occur
• B) The PTT is increased
• C) Platelet count is decreased
• D) Aspirin is safe to use
Module 4 Exam – 2 Versions & Study
Guide | Portage Learning 2026/2027
Update
1. The coagulation cascade involves each of the following EXCEPT:
• A) Vascular constriction
• B) Formation of a platelet plug
• C) Blood coagulation
• D) Vascular dilation
Correct ,,,answer,,,: D) Vascular dilation
Rationale: Hemostasis consists of three stages: (1) vascular constriction, (2)
formation of a platelet plug, and (3) blood coagulation. Vascular dilation would
promote rather than prevent bleeding and is not part of the coagulation cascade .
2. Which of the following medications would decrease a person's risk for
clotting? Select all that apply.
• A) Heparin
• B) Warfarin
• C) Lovenox (enoxaparin)
, • D) Vitamin K
Correct ,,,answer,,,: A, B, C) Heparin, Warfarin, and Lovenox
Rationale: Heparin, warfarin, and Lovenox are anticoagulants. Heparin and Lovenox
enhance antithrombin III activity, while warfarin inhibits vitamin K-dependent
synthesis of clotting factors. Vitamin K promotes clotting factor synthesis .
3. Deficiency in which of the following would lead to a hypercoagulable state?
Select all that apply.
• A) Protein C
• B) Protein S
• C) Antithrombin III
• D) Factor VIII
Correct ,,,answer,,,: A, B, C) Protein C, Protein S, and Antithrombin III
Rationale: Protein C, Protein S, and Antithrombin III are endogenous anticoagulants.
Deficiencies increase the risk for hypercoagulable states. Factor VIII deficiency
causes hemophilia A (bleeding disorder) .
4. Which of the following is NOT a hypercoagulable state? Select all that apply.
• A) Hemophilia A
• B) Hemophilia B
• C) Thrombocytopenia
• D) Congestive heart failure
,Correct ,,,answer,,,: A, B, C) Hemophilia A, Hemophilia B, and
Thrombocytopenia
Rationale: Hemophilia A and B are bleeding disorders caused by deficiencies of
clotting factors VIII and IX. Thrombocytopenia is decreased platelet count
associated with bleeding, not thrombosis. CHF is a hypercoagulable state .
5. Which of the following is a hypercoagulable state? Select all that apply.
• A) Congestive heart failure
• B) Smoking
• C) Postsurgical state
• D) Hemophilia A
Correct ,,,answer,,,: A, B, C) Congestive heart failure, Smoking, and
Postsurgical state
Rationale: Hypercoagulable states are promoted by postsurgical state, CHF
(sluggish blood flow), and smoking (endothelial injury). Hemophilia A is associated
with hypocoagulability .
6. Which defect is associated with hemophilia A?
• A) Defective gene on chromosome 11
• B) Defective gene in the X chromosome
• C) Autosomal dominant inheritance
• D) Platelet function abnormality
, Correct ,,,answer,,,: B) Defective gene in the X chromosome
Rationale: Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder due to deficiency of
clotting factor VIII. The defective gene is located on the X chromosome .
7. Which of the following is FALSE of disseminated intravascular coagulation
(DIC)? Select all that apply.
• A) Obstetric disorders are the main cause of DIC
• B) Lab results show a decreased PT, PTT
• C) Sepsis is a common cause
• D) Trauma can precipitate DIC
Correct ,,,answer,,,: A, B) Obstetric disorders are the main cause of DIC AND
Lab results show a decreased PT, PTT
Rationale: Although obstetric disorders can precipitate DIC, sepsis and trauma are
also common causes. DIC is characterized by increased (not decreased) PT and
PTT due to consumption of clotting factors .
8. Which of the following are TRUE of hemophilia A? Select all that apply.
• A) Spontaneous joint bleeding can occur
• B) The PTT is increased
• C) Platelet count is decreased
• D) Aspirin is safe to use
