VERIFIED 2026/2027 Med Surg Chapt 46 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Med Surg Chapt 46
Which classification of urinary tract infection (UTI) is
described as infection of the renal parenchyma, renal
pelvis,
and ureters?
a. Upper UTI c. Complicated UTI
b. Lower UTI d. Uncomplicated UTI
While caring for a 77-year-old woman who has a urinary
catheter, the nurse monitors the patient for the
development
of a UTI. What clinical manifestations is the patient most
likely to experience?
a. Cloudy urine and fever
b. Urethral burning and bloody urine
c. Vague abdominal discomfort and disorientation
d. Suprapubic pain and slight decline in body
temperature
A woman with no history of UTIs who is experiencing
urgency, frequency, and dysuria comes to the clinic,
where a
dipstick and microscopic urinalysis indicate bacteriuria.
What should the nurse anticipate for this patient?
a. Obtaining a clean-catch midstream urine specimen for
culture and sensitivity
b. No treatment with medication unless she develops
fever, chills, and flank pain
c. Empirical treatment with trimethoprim-
sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX, Bactrim) for 3 days.
A female patient with a UTI has a nursing diagnosis of risk
for infection related to lack of knowledge regarding
prevention of recurrence. What should the nurse include
in the teaching plan instructions for this patient?
a. Empty the bladder at least 4 times a day.
b. Drink at least 2 quarts of water every day.
c. Wait to urinate until the urge is very intense.
d. Clean the urinary meatus with an antiinfective agent
after voiding.
What is the most common cause of acute pyelonephritis
resulting from an ascending infection from the lower
urinary tract?
a. The kidney is scarred and fibrotic.
b. The organism is resistant to antibiotics.
, VERIFIED 2026/2027 Med Surg Chapt 46 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
c. There is a preexisting abnormality of the urinary tract.
d. The patient does not take all of the antibiotics for
treatment of a UTI.
Which characteristic is more likely with acute
pyelonephritis than with a lower UTI?
a. Fever c. Urgency
b. Dysuria d. Frequency
Which test is required for a diagnosis of pyelonephritis?
a. Renal biopsy c. Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
b. Blood culture d. Urine for culture and sensitivity
A patient with suprapubic pain and symptoms of urinary
frequency and urgency has two negative urine cultures.
What is one assessment finding that would indicate
interstitial cystitis?
a. Residual urine greater than 200 mL
b. A large, atonic bladder on urodynamic testing
c. A voiding pattern that indicates psychogenic urinary
retention
d. Pain with bladder filling that is transiently relieved by
urination
When caring for the patient with interstitial cystitis, what
can the nurse teach the patient to do?
a. Avoid foods that make the urine more alkaline.
b. Use high-potency vitamin therapy to decrease the
autoimmune effects of the disorder.
c. Always keep a voiding diary to document pain, voiding
frequency, and patterns of nocturia.
d. Use the dietary supplement calcium glycerophosphate
(Prelief) to decrease bladder irritation.
Glomerulonephritis is characterized by glomerular
damage caused by
a. growth of microorganisms in the glomeruli.
b. release of bacterial substances toxic to the glomeruli.
c. accumulation of immune complexes in the glomeruli.
d. hemolysis of red blood cells circulating in the
glomeruli.
What manifestation in the patient will indicate the need
for restriction of dietary protein in management of acute
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN)?
CORRECT ANSWERS
Med Surg Chapt 46
Which classification of urinary tract infection (UTI) is
described as infection of the renal parenchyma, renal
pelvis,
and ureters?
a. Upper UTI c. Complicated UTI
b. Lower UTI d. Uncomplicated UTI
While caring for a 77-year-old woman who has a urinary
catheter, the nurse monitors the patient for the
development
of a UTI. What clinical manifestations is the patient most
likely to experience?
a. Cloudy urine and fever
b. Urethral burning and bloody urine
c. Vague abdominal discomfort and disorientation
d. Suprapubic pain and slight decline in body
temperature
A woman with no history of UTIs who is experiencing
urgency, frequency, and dysuria comes to the clinic,
where a
dipstick and microscopic urinalysis indicate bacteriuria.
What should the nurse anticipate for this patient?
a. Obtaining a clean-catch midstream urine specimen for
culture and sensitivity
b. No treatment with medication unless she develops
fever, chills, and flank pain
c. Empirical treatment with trimethoprim-
sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX, Bactrim) for 3 days.
A female patient with a UTI has a nursing diagnosis of risk
for infection related to lack of knowledge regarding
prevention of recurrence. What should the nurse include
in the teaching plan instructions for this patient?
a. Empty the bladder at least 4 times a day.
b. Drink at least 2 quarts of water every day.
c. Wait to urinate until the urge is very intense.
d. Clean the urinary meatus with an antiinfective agent
after voiding.
What is the most common cause of acute pyelonephritis
resulting from an ascending infection from the lower
urinary tract?
a. The kidney is scarred and fibrotic.
b. The organism is resistant to antibiotics.
, VERIFIED 2026/2027 Med Surg Chapt 46 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
c. There is a preexisting abnormality of the urinary tract.
d. The patient does not take all of the antibiotics for
treatment of a UTI.
Which characteristic is more likely with acute
pyelonephritis than with a lower UTI?
a. Fever c. Urgency
b. Dysuria d. Frequency
Which test is required for a diagnosis of pyelonephritis?
a. Renal biopsy c. Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
b. Blood culture d. Urine for culture and sensitivity
A patient with suprapubic pain and symptoms of urinary
frequency and urgency has two negative urine cultures.
What is one assessment finding that would indicate
interstitial cystitis?
a. Residual urine greater than 200 mL
b. A large, atonic bladder on urodynamic testing
c. A voiding pattern that indicates psychogenic urinary
retention
d. Pain with bladder filling that is transiently relieved by
urination
When caring for the patient with interstitial cystitis, what
can the nurse teach the patient to do?
a. Avoid foods that make the urine more alkaline.
b. Use high-potency vitamin therapy to decrease the
autoimmune effects of the disorder.
c. Always keep a voiding diary to document pain, voiding
frequency, and patterns of nocturia.
d. Use the dietary supplement calcium glycerophosphate
(Prelief) to decrease bladder irritation.
Glomerulonephritis is characterized by glomerular
damage caused by
a. growth of microorganisms in the glomeruli.
b. release of bacterial substances toxic to the glomeruli.
c. accumulation of immune complexes in the glomeruli.
d. hemolysis of red blood cells circulating in the
glomeruli.
What manifestation in the patient will indicate the need
for restriction of dietary protein in management of acute
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN)?
